Table 4. Comparison of alarm duration pre- and post-intervention.

	Time in Alarm (minutes)		Monitoring Hours		Weighted Time in Alarma (minutes)		Bootstrap Means ± SD per Bed Hour (minutes)		Bootstrap 95% CI of Means (minutes)		Percent Reduction of Time in Alarm	Bootstrap p-value
Alarm Types / Phase	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post
All Medium and High Priority	300181	313435	36545	38205	300181	299816	8.21 ± 0.08	8.20 ± 0.08	8.06–8.37	8.05–8.36	0.1%	0.926
High Priority	5008	5273	36545	38205	5008	5044	0.14 ± 0.00	0.14 ± 0.00	0.13–0.14	0.13–0.14	no reduction (-0.7%)	0.758
All Medium Priority (MP)	295174	308162	36545	38205	295174	294772	8.08 ± 0.08	8.07 ± 0.08	7.93–8.23	7.92–8.22	0.1%	0.920
All Alarm Advisorb	128033	125775	36545	38205	128033	120310	3.50 ± 0.04	3.29 ± 0.04	3.42–3.59	3.21–3.37	6.0%	<0.001
MP Heart Rate	103881	100138	36545	38205	103881	95787	2.84 ± 0.04	2.62 ± 0.04	2.76–2.92	2.55–2.70	7.8%	<0.001
MP Respiratory	8271	7493	36545	38205	8271	7168	0.23 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.00	0.22–0.24	0.19–0.21	13.3%	<0.001
MP SpO2	12337	12811	36545	38205	12337	12254	0.34 ± 0.01	0.34 ± 0.01	0.33–0.35	0.32–0.35	0.7%	0.788
MP Arterial	3545	5333	1822	3021	3545	3217	1.95 ± 0.07	1.77 ± 0.06	1.81–2.08	1.66–1.88	9.3%	0.043

SD, standard deviation. CI, confidence intervals.

^aData were weighted according to the number of the overall monitoring hours per phase (Pre: 36545 hours, Post: 38205 hours). Arterial alarm data were weighted according to the number of arterial line monitoring hours per phase (Pre: 1822 hours, Post: 3021 hours).

^bConsists of alarms addressed by Alarm Advisor: medium priority heart rate, respiratory rate, SpO₂, and arterial blood pressure alarms.