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. 2018 Oct 18;8:15349. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33778-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Animal experimentation design. (B) Experimental design of the behavioral and pharmacological challenges in the 5-CSRTT. Upon training completion, once the animals showed a stable performance in the task, the inter-trial interval (ITI) was increased (7–10 s) and the stimulus duration (SD) was decreased (0.8–0.5 s) to challenge impulsivity and attention, respectively. After the behavioral challenge, mice were habituated to saline injections for 1 week. During the pharmacological challenge, Mph (3.0 and 5.0 mg/kg) was injected twice a week before the testing session. x4 or x5: number of weeks for training, impulsivity, attention, and methylphenidate tests.