Table 4.
Risk factors for Brucellosis among febrile patients.
| Factors n(%) | Probable/confirmed brucellosis | Bivariate | p | Multivariate | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N (%) | OR 95% CI | aOR 95% CI | |||
| Age category | |||||
| <20 yrs | 14/40 (35.0) | 5.65 (1.68–19.04) | 0.005 | 32.54 (2.12–498.60) | 0.012 |
| 20–29 | 7/70 (10.0) | 1.17 (0.32–4.23) | 0.815 | 1.93 (0.23–15.85) | 0.542 |
| 30–39 | 5/49 (10.2) | 1.19 (0 0.30–4.75) | 0.802 | 1.36 (0 0.19–9.56) | 0.758 |
| 40–49 | 5/30 (16.7) | 2.10 (0 0.52–8.56) | 0.301 | 19.11 (2.08–175.49) | 0.009 |
| 50 + | 4/46 (8.7) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 8/108 (7.4) | Ref | |||
| Male | 27/127 (21.3) | 3.38 (1.46–7.79) | 0.004 | 3.88 (0.85–17.58) | 0.079 |
| Peasant | |||||
| No | 32/168 (19.1) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 3/67 (4.5) | 0.20 (0.06–0.67) | 0.01 | ||
| Butcher | |||||
| No | 32/231 (13.9) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 3/4 (75.0) | 18.66 (1.88–184.92) | 0.012 | ||
| Cattle keeper | |||||
| No | 11/103 (10.7) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 24/132 (18.2) | 1.86 (0.86–4.00) | 0.113 | ||
| Student/pupil | |||||
| No | 17/182 (9.3) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 18/53 (34.0) | 5.00 (2.34–10.64) | <0.001 | ||
| Education | |||||
| None | 6/67 (9.0) | Ref | |||
| Primary school | 13/74 (17.6) | 2.17 (0 0.59–4.82) | 0.141 | ||
| Secondary | 14/71 (19.7) | 2.50 (0.90–6.94) | 0.079 | ||
| Tertiary | 2/23 (8.7) | 0.97 (0.18–5.17) | 0.97 | ||
| Owning a cow | |||||
| No | 5/54 (9.3) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 30/181 (16.6) | 1.95 (0 0.72–5.29) | 0.192 | ||
| Owning a goat | |||||
| No | 6/73 (8.2) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 29/162 (17.9) | 2.43 (0.96–6.15) | 0.06 | ||
| Owning a dog | |||||
| No | 19/158 (12.0) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 16/77 (20.8) | 1.92 (0 0.92–3.98) | 0.08 | ||
| Owning sheep | |||||
| No | 25/154 (16.2) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 10/81 (12.4) | 0.73 (0.33–1.60) | 0.428 | ||
| Owning a pig | |||||
| No | 34/219 (15.5) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 1/16 (6.3) | 0.36 (0 0.05–2.84) | 0.334 | ||
| Drinking raw milk | |||||
| No | 4/189 (2.1) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 31/46 (67.4) | 95.58 (29.76–306.95) | <0.001 | 406.15 (47.67–3461.69) | <0.001 |
| Drinking raw blood | |||||
| No | 33/232 (14.2) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 2/3 (66.7) | 12.06 (1.06–136.80) | 0.044 | ||
| Handling animals during birth | |||||
| No | 19/160 (11.9) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 16/75 (21.3) | 2.01 (0 0.97–4.18) | 0.061 | ||
| History of milking | |||||
| No | 13/145 (9.0) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 22/90 (24.4) | 3.29 (1.56–6.92) | 0.002 | ||
| Family history of brucellosis | |||||
| No | 13/155 (8.4) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 20/54 (37.0) | 6.43 (2.91–14.19) | <0.001 | 9.19 (1.98–42.54) | 0.005 |
| Do not know | 2/26 (7.7) | ||||
| Selling hides and skins | |||||
| No | 33/234 (14.2) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 2/3 (66.7) | 12.06 (1.06–136.80) | 0.044 | 162.56 (2.86–9256.31) | 0.014 |
| HIV status | |||||
| Negative | 33/216 (15.3) | Ref | |||
| Positive | 2/19 (10.5) | 0.65 (0 0.14–2.96) | 0.58 | ||
OR: odds ratio; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; Ref: Reference category.