Table 2.
Bivariable associations between sample characteristics and SDQ scores in Chinese preschoolers (n = 301).
| N | (%) | Coefficient (95% confidence interval)a | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emotional symptoms | Conduct problems | Hyperactivity/ inattention | Peer relationship problems | Prosocial behaviour | Total difficulties | |||
| Mean (SD) age at follow-up, year | 3.70 | (0.50) | −0.04 (−0.38, 0.29) | −0.11 (−0.59, 0.37) | −0.18 (−0.71, 0.35) | −0.16 (−0.46, 0.13) | 0.44 (−0.20, 1.07) | −0.44 (−1.66, 0.80) |
| Mean (SD) birthweight, kg | 3.17 | (0.47) | 0.25 (−0.10, 0.61) | 0.33 (−0.18, 0.84) | −0.01 (−0.57, 0.56) | −0.35 (−0.66, −0.03) | 0.07 (−0.61, 0.75) | 0.26 (−1.05, 1.57) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Boys | 153 | (50.8) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Girls | 148 | (49.2) | 0.02 (−0.32, 0.35) | −0.24 (−0.72, 0.24) | −0.04 (−0.57, 0.49) | −0.12 (−0.42, 0.17) | 0.36 (−0.28, 0.99) | −0.43 (−1.66, 0.79) |
| Monthly household income (HK$)b | ||||||||
| ≤$9999 | 24 | (8.0) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| $10000–19999 | 91 | (30.2) | 0.20 (−0.46, 0.86) | 0.14 (−0.81, 1.10) | 1.33 (0.29, 2.36) | −0.15 (−0.74, 0.43) | 0.53 (−0.74, 1.79) | 1.45 (−0.98, 3.87) |
| $20000–29999 | 73 | (24.3) | 0.25 (−0.43, 0.92) | 0.43 (−0.55, 1.41) | 1.00 (−0.06, 2.06) | −0.29 (−0.89, 0.31) | 0.76 (−0.53, 2.06) | 1.39 (−1.10, 3.87) |
| ≥$30000 | 113 | (37.5) | 0.11 (−0.53, 0.76) | 0.18 (−0.76, 1.11) | 0.77 (−0.24, 1.79) | −0.43(−1.00, 0.15) | 0.61 (−0.63, 1.84) | 0.57(−1.81, 2.94) |
| Housing type | ||||||||
| Private housing | 116 | (38.5) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Subsidized sale flats | 65 | (21.6) | −0.16 (−0.60, 0.28) | −0.22 (−0.87, 0.43) | −0.31 (−1.01, 0.40) | 0.09 (−0.31, 0.48) | −0.28 (−1.14, 0.58) | −0.74 (−2.39, 0.90) |
| Public rental housing | 110 | (36.5) | 0.14 (−0.25, 0.52) | 0.14 (−0.42, 0.69) | −0.05 (−0.66, 0.56) | 0.37 (0.03, 0.71) | 0.17 (−0.57, 0.90) | 0.56 (−0.85, 1.97) |
| Others | 10 | (3.3) | −0.73 (−1.67, 0.21) | −0.22 (−1.59, 1.15) | −0.82 (−2.32, 0.68) | −0.70 (−1.53, 0.13) | 0.65 (−1.16, 2.47) | −2.47 (−5.93, 0.99) |
| Maternal education | ||||||||
| Junior secondary or below | 54 | (17.9) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Senior secondary | 146 | (48.5) | −0.32 (−0.78, 0.13) | −0.01 (−0.66, 0.65) | 0.04 (−0.68, 0.76) | −0.12 (−0.53, 0.28) | 0.35 (−0.53, 1.24) | −0.49 (−2.16, 1.17) |
| Tertiary | 101 | (33.6) | −0.61 (−1.09, −0.13) | −0.67 (−1.37, 0.02) | −0.68 (−1.44, 0.08) | −0.46 (−0.89, −0.03) | 0.57 (−0.36, 1.51) | −2.43 (−4.19, −0.68) |
| Maternal depressive symptomc | ||||||||
| Minimal | 413 | (94.3) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Mild | 22 | (5.0) | 0.62 (−0.48, 1.71) | 0.67 (−0.91, 2.26) | 1.98 (0.26, 3.69) | 0.45 (−0.51, 1.42) | −1.17 (−3.27, 0.94) | 3.77 (−0.21, 7.74) |
| Moderate | 3 | (0.7) | 1.40 (−0.63, 3.44) | 1.81 (−1.13, 4.75) | 3.76 (0.58, 6.94) | 2.60 (0.81, 4.38) | 0.91 (−2.99, 4.80) | 9.62 (2.25, 17.0) |
aBold face indicates P < 0.05. bHK$7.8 ≈ US$1. cAssessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9.