Table 1.
A summary of microfluidics for whole blood processing.
| Author | Active/Passive | Mechanism | Label-free | Injected Sample | Sample Volume/ Throughpu | Desired target (# of targets) | Performance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yuchao Chen et al.8 | Active | Acoustic | Yes | Whole blood | 10000 μL/min | Platelet (1) | >85% Platelet recovery rate >80% RBC/WBC removal rate |
| Maria Antfolk et al.9 | Active | Acoustic | Yes | Spiked cancer cells in RBC-lysed and 10X diluted whole blood | 100 μL/min | CTC (1) | 91.8% MCF7 separation efficiency 84.1% DU145 recovery rate |
| P. Dow et al.10 | Active | Acoustic | Yes | Spiked bacteria in PBS-diluted whole blood to 20% Hct | 10 μL/min | Bacteria (1) | >85% RBC removal rate.45–60% Bacteria yield |
| Crispin Szydzik et al.11 | Active | Dielectrophoretic | Yes | Whole blood | 15 μL in 15 min | Plasma (1) | 165 nL undiluted plasma |
| Anas Alazzam et al.12 | Active | Dielectrophoretic | Yes | Spike cancer cells in sucrose/dextrose medium resuspended whole blood | 1.67 μL/min | CTC (1) | 95–98% MDA231 separation efficiency |
| Matthew S. Pommer et al.13 | Active | Dielectrophoretic | Yes | ~10X diluted whole blood using LEC buffer | 2.5 μL/min | Platelet (1) | 95% Platelet purity |
| Ki-Ho Han et al.14 | Active | Magnetic | Yes | 10X diluted whole blood using sodium hydrosulfite | 0.083 μL/min | RBC, WBC (2) | 93.5% RBC separation efficiency 97.4% WBC separation efficiency. |
| Macdara T. Glynn et al.15 | Active | Magnetic | No | Spike magnetically-labelled CD4 + cell in whole blood | 4 μL in 15 sec | CD4 + cell (1) | 93.0% CD4 + cell capture efficiency |
| Nezihi Murat Karabacak et al.16 | Active/ Passive | Magnetic + Hydrodynamic | No | Add magnetic beads in whole blood. | 120 μL/min | CTC (1) | 3.8-log depletion of WBC.97% CTC yield. |
| Hye-Kyoung Seo et al.17 | Active/ Passive | Magnetic + Hydrodynamic | Yes | 1000X RBC dilution using PBS | 1000 μL/min | WBC, RBC (2) | 86.8% RBC separation efficiency 29.1% WBC separation efficiency |
| Mahdi Mohammadi et al.18 | Active/ Passive | Dielectrophoretic + Hydrodynamic | Yes | Whole blood mix with 1:1 heparin sodium. | 2 μL in 7 min | Plasma (1) | 100 nL plasma with 99% purity. |
| C. Wyatt Shield IV et al.19 | Active | Acoustic + Magnetic | No | Spike magnetically-labelled LNCaP cancer cell line in RBC- lysed and PBS resuspended whole blood. | 50 μL/min | CTC (1) | 89% LNCaP cancer cell line separation efficiency |
| Ivan K. Dimov et al.20 | Passive | Sedimentation | Yes | Whole blood | 5 μL in 10 min | Plasma (1) | 99.9–100% blood cell retention. |
| John A. Davis et al.21 | Passive | Hydrodynamic | Yes | Whole blood | 0.4 μL/min | Plasma (1) | 100% plasma recovery rate 100% cell removal rate. |
| Siddhartha Tripathi et al.22 | Passive | Hydrodynamic | Yes | Diluted whole blood using sodium chloride to 7–62% Hct. | 500 μL/min | Plasma (1) | 99.5% blood cell removal rate. |
| Elodie Sollier et al.23 | Passive | Hydrodynamic | Yes | 20X diluted blood using PBS. | 100 μL/min | Plasma (1) | 17.8% plasma extraction |
| Sung Yang et al.27 | Passive | Hydrodynamic | Yes | Whole blood | 0.16 μL/min | Plasma (1) | 100% plasma purity 15–25% plasma extraction. |
| Myounggon Kim et al.28 | Passive | Hydrodynamic | Yes | Whole blood | 0.33 μL/min | WBC (1) | 96.9% WBC purity 97.2% WBC recovery rate. |
| This work | Passive | Hydrodynamic | Yes | Whole blood | 0.3 μL/min 6 μL in 20 min | Plasma, RBC, WBC (3) | ~1.5 μL 0.76-fold dilution, low hemolysed plasma, 1200–1800 trapped WBC |