Table 1.
Published cross-sectional studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Study | Total number ALS patients (males/females) | Total number controls (males/females) | Mean age ALS-patients/years | Disease duration/months | ALS-FRS-R | Site of onset bulbar/spinal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abe et al., 2004 | 7 (3/4) | 11 (5/6) | 57 ± 6 | 20 ± 13 | n.a. | n.a. |
| Agosta et al., 2010 | 24 (13/11) | 18 (11/7) | 55 ± 13 | 34 ± 19 | 29 ± 4 | 6/18 |
| Agosta et al., 2011 | 26 (15/11) | 15 (8/7) | 63 | 20 | 36 | 6/20 |
| Agosta et al., 2016 | 48 (21/27) | 51 (21/30) | 59 ± 8 | 51 ± 51 | 37 ± 6 | n.a. |
| Alruwaili et al., 2018 | 30 (19/11) | 19 (8/11) | 62 ± 11 | 22 ± 22 | 39 ± 5 | 4/26 |
| Bartels et al., 2008 | 13 (5/8) | 13 (5/8) | 60 ± 7 | 20 ± 10 | 29 ± 6 | 6/7 |
| Bastin et al., 2013 | 30 (17/13) | 30 (16/14) | 58 ± 11 | 24 ± 18 | 39 ± 7 | n.a. |
| Ben Bashat et al., 2011 | 24 (n.a.) | 22 (n.a.) | 46 ± 9 | 25 ± 15 | 34 ± 9 | n.a. |
| Blain et al., 2011 | 20 (14/6) | 20 (12/8) | 56 ± 11 | 28 ± 18 | 38 ± 6 | 4/16 |
| Borsodi et al., 2017 | 27 (17/10) | 35 (23/12) | 58 ± 12 | 16 ± 13 | 39 ± 9 | 16/11 |
| Buchanan et al., 2015 | 30 (17/13) | 30 (16/14) | 58 ± 11 | 24 ± 18 | 39 ± 7 | 10/20 |
| Carrara et al., 2012 | 43 (26/17) | 43 (26/17) | 63 ± 11 | 14 ± 8 | 41 ± 5 | n.a. |
| Christidi et al., 2014 | 21 (10/11) | 11 (4/7) | 62 ± 10 | 18 ± 18 | 40 ± 3 | 6/15 |
| Christidi et al., 2017 | 42 (24/18) | 25 (13/12) | 62 ± 10 | 15 ± 13 | 40 ± 6 | 10/32 |
| Corbo et al., 2014 | 19 (9/10) | 19 (9/10) | 62 ± 11 | 41 ± 31 | 34 ± 9 | n.a. |
| Crespi et al., 2014 | 22 (15/7) | 55 (32/23) | 60 ± 10 | 23 ± 21 | 40 ± 9 | 4/18 |
| Crespi et al., 2016 | 13 (10/3) | 14 (9/5) | 59 ± 11 | 25 ± 22 | 39 ± 6 | 3/10 |
| de Albuquerque et al., 2017 | 53 (34/19) | 57 (38/19) | 56 | 19 | 35 | 9/43 |
| Douaud et al., 2011 | 25 (18/7) | 15 (9/6) | 59 ± 12 | 44 ± 36 | 34 ± 4 | 6/19 |
| Filippini et al., 2010 | 24 (17/7) | 24 (16/8) | 58 ± 12 | 49 ± 38 | 33 ± 4 | 3/21 |
| Foerster et al., 2014 | 29 (17/12) | 30 (20/10) | 60 ± 10 | 29 ± 15 | 34 ± 8 | 7/22 |
| Furtula et al., 2013 | 14 (9/5) | 30 (12/18) | 65 ± 7 | 33 | 39 | 3/11 |
| van der Graaff et al., 2011 | 24 (15/9) | 12 (7/5) | 57 | 10 ± 3 | 40 ± 5 | 5/11 |
| Hong et al., 2004 | 16 (9/7) | 11 (5/6) | 51 ± 12 | 11 ± 6 | n.a. | n.a. |
| Iwata et al., 2011 | 18 (9/9) | 19 (11/8) | 53 ± 10 | 30 ± 18 | 36 ± 7 | n.a. |
| Kassubek et al., 2018 | 387 (221/166) | 144 (74/70) | 60 ± 12 | 20 ± 18 | 39 ± 7 | 112/275 |
| Keil et al., 2012 | 24 (12/12) | 24 (n.a) | 62 ± 11 | 26 ± 28 | 36 ± 9 | 9/15 |
| Kim et al., 2014 | 14 (8/6) | 16 (3/13) | 54 ± 13 | 17 ± 7 | 37 ± 6 | 5/9 |
| Kwan et al., 2013 | 23 (12/11) | 19 (11/8) | 56 ± 8 | 14 ± 7 | 34 ± 7 | n.a. |
| Langkammer et al., 2010 | 15 (10/5) | 15 (10/5) | 60 ± 9 | 26 ± 16 | 39 ± 6 | 6/9 |
| Li et al., 2009 | 10 (6/4) | 10 (6/4) | 46 | 21 | 38 | n.a. |
| Lulé et al., 2010 | 14 (8/6) | 18 (7/11) | 55 ± 13 | 28 ± 27 | 33 ± 8 | 0/14 |
| Metwalli et al., 2010 | 12 (10/2) | 19 (11/8) | 56 ± 11 | 26 ± 15 | 41 ± 5 | 41 ± 5 |
| Mitsumoto et al., 2007 | 43 (31/12) | 29 (10/19) | 53 ± 11 | 30 ± 40 | 36 ± 8 | n.a. |
| Müller et al., 2011 | 19 (9/10) | 19 (9/10) | 56 ± 12 | n.a. | 34 ± 9 | n.a. |
| Müller et al., 2016 | 253 (140/113) | 189 (96/93) | 60 | n.a. | 37 ± 7 | n.a. |
| Pettit et al., 2013 | 30 (17/13) | 30 (17/13) | 58 | 20 | 39 | 10/20 |
| Rajagopalan and Pioro, 2017 | 21 (14/7) | 14 (n.a.) | 52 ± 11 | 9 ± 9 | 35 ± 8 | n.a. |
| Rajagopalan et al., 2013 | 23 (13/10) | 12 (8/4) | 59 ± 13 | 29 ± 27 | 37 ± 9 | n.a. |
| Rosskopf et al., 2015 | 140 (92/48) | 139 (62/77) | 62 | 28 ± 31 | 35 ± 8 | n.a. |
| Sach et al., 2004 | 15 (10/5) | 12 (n.a.) | 52 ± 12 | 12 ± 6 | n.a. | 6/9 |
| Sarica et al., 2014 | 14 (7/7) | 14 (7/7) | 62 | 29 | 27 | 9/6 |
| Sarica et al., 2017 | 24 (11/13) | 24 (9/15) | 61 ± 9 | 19 ± 19 | 28 ± 7 | 7/17 |
| Sarro et al., 2011 | 16 (8/8) | 15 (7/8) | 61 ± 10 | 29 ± 19 | 33 ± 7 | 1/15 |
| Sato et al., 2010 | 15 (n.a.) | 9 (n.a.) | 60 ± 10 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Schuster et al., 2016 | 62 (36/26) | 55 (29/26) | 61 ± 9 | 30 ± 18 | 36 ± 7 | 26/36 |
| Senda et al., 2011 | 17 (8/9) | 17 (8/9) | 61 ± 8 | 38 ± 19 | 37 ± 6 | 5/12 |
| Sheelakumari et al., 2016 | 17 (7/10) | 15 (8/7) | 54 ± 14 | 11 ± 8 | n.a. | n.a. |
| Spinelli et al., 2016 | 55 (31/24) | 56 (25/31) | 62 | 20 ± 17 | 36 ± 8 | n.a. |
| Stagg et al., 2013 | 13 (7/6) | 14 (n.a.) | 62 ± 13 | 62 ± 55 | 32 ± 7 | 2/11 |
| Stanton et al., 2009 | 20 (13/7) | 21 (12/9) | 58 ± 10 | 28 ± 18 | 39 | 3/17 |
| Valsasina et al., 2007 | 28 (16/12) | 20 (11) | 55 | 26 | 27 | n.a. |
| Vora et al., 2016 | 21 (14/7) | 13 (8/5) | 51 ± 15 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Wong et al., 2007 | 14 (5/9) | 15 (8/7) | 53 ± 14 | 22 ± 12 | 30 ± 6 | 2/12 |
| Zhang et al., 2007 | 8 (6/2) | 8 (6/2) | 60 ± 11 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Zhang et al., 2011 | 17 (10/7) | 19 (10/9) | 57 ± 10 | 21 ± 10 | 35 ± 7 | 3/14 |
| Zhang et al., 2017 | 38 (25/13) | 35 (21/14) | 49 ± 9 | 21 ± 18 | 31 ± 7 | 7/31 |
Listed are the total number of ALS patients and healthy controls, the mean age of ALS patients, the disease duration (months from disease defining symptoms onset), the revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R), and the site of onset (bulbar/spinal) for each individual study. Age, disease duration, and ALSFRS-R are given as median or mean ± standard deviation, respectively. n.a – not available.