Table 4.
Logistic regression analysis of the risk factors for psychotic symptoms (PANSS total score ≥ 58) in methamphetamine users.
| Variables | Samples(n) | Psychotic symptoms (%) | OR(95%CI)* | AOR(95%CI)# |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SEX | ||||
| Female | 224 | 13.84 | 1.00 | |
| Male | 1420 | 16.97 | 1.27 (0.85–1.91) | |
| AGE (YEARS) | ||||
| <30 | 655 | 17.71 | 1.00 | |
| ≥30 | 1002 | 16.57 | 0.92 (0.71–1.20) | |
| ETHNICITY | ||||
| Han | 1511 | 16.68 | 1.00 | |
| Minority | 117 | 18.80 | 1.16 (0.71–1.88) | |
| EDUCATION | ||||
| Primary school or below | 388 | 18.04 | 1.00 | |
| Junior high school | 911 | 16.90 | 0.92 (0.68–1.26) | |
| Secondary technical school | 88 | 21.59 | 1.25 (0.71–2.21) | |
| Senior high school or above | 269 | 14.50 | 0.77(0.50–1.18) | |
| MARITAL STATUS | ||||
| Unmarried | 799 | 18.40 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Married/Cohabitating | 579 | 14.24 | 0.74 (0.55–0.99) | 0.56 (0.39–0.81)** |
| Divorced, separated, widowed | 249 | 18.47 | 1.01 (0.70–1.45) | 0.81 (0.51–1.30) |
| EMPLOYMENT STATUS | ||||
| Employed | 801 | 22.22 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Unemployed | 869 | 12.08 | 0.48 (0.37–0.63) | 0.65 (0.47–0.92)** |
| AGE AT FIRST MA USE | ||||
| ≤25 | 117 | 17.89 | 1.00 | |
| >25 | 161 | 16.40 | 0.90 (0.69–1.17) | |
| DOSE OF METHAMPHETAMINE USE | ||||
| < 0.2 g per time | 879 | 10.24 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥0.2 g per time | 806 | 24.32 | 2.82 (2.15–3.69) | 1.96 (1.40–2.76)** |
| TWO OR MORE SYNTHETIC DRUGS EVER USED | ||||
| No | 1486 | 14.87 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 193 | 33.68 | 2.91 (2.09–4.05) | |
| PREVIOUS DRUG TREATMENT | ||||
| No | 1325 | 17.28 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 332 | 16.87 | 0.97 (0.71–1.34) | |
| WEEKLY METHAMPHETAMINE USE | ||||
| No | 647 | 13.45 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 1014 | 19.13 | 1.52 (1.16–2.00) | |
| DURATION OF METHAMPHETAMINE USE (MONTHS) | ||||
| ≤3 | 466 | 12.02 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| >3 | 1219 | 18.87 | 1.70 (1.24–2.33) | 1.98 (1.33–2.96)** |
| CONCURRENT USE OF OTHER DRUGS* | ||||
| No | 1589 | 15.48 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 67 | 46.27 | 4.70(2.85-7.74) | |
| METHAMPHETAMINE DEPENDENCE | ||||
| No | 578 | 11.94 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 1064 | 18.98 | 1.73(1.29-2.32) | |
| LENGTH OF ABSTINENCE | ||||
| ≤1 month | 129 | 17.00 | 1.00 | |
| >1 month | 107 | 17.37 | 1.03 (0.77–1.36) | |
| HISTORY OF HEROIN USE | ||||
| No | 1426 | 13.74 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 237 | 37.13 | 3.71 (2.74–5.02) | 2.45 (1.67–3.60)** |
| HISTORY OF TOBACCO USE | ||||
| No | 1098 | 14.39 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 565 | 22.30 | 1.71 (1.32–2.22) | 1.78 (1.27–2.49)** |
| HISTORY OF ALCOHOL USE | ||||
| No | 1351 | 17.32 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 312 | 16.03 | 0.91 (0.65–1.27) | |
| ANXIETY SYMPTOMS | ||||
| No | 1194 | 6.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 485 | 43.71 | 12.17 (9.02–16.43) | 9.70 (6.92–13.59)** |
| DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS | ||||
| No | 974 | 11.29 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 664 | 24.25 | 2.51 (1.93–3.28) | 1.90 (1.36–2.65)** |
| BARRATT IMPULSIVE SCALE | ||||
| ≤75 | 636 | 8.65 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| >75 | 1049 | 22.02 | 2.98 (2.18–4.08) | 2.19 (1.50–3.20)** |
*
Univariate logistic regression analysis.
#
Multiple logistic regression analysis. Adjusted effects including only those factors that showed significant effects in the univariate analysis, empty cells indicate variables not included in the final model conducted using a stepwise backward sequence.
**
There was significant difference, p < 0.05.