Table 1.

Fertility preservation for female patients with cancer

Variable	Embryo	Oocyte	Ovarian tissuea
Main indications	Leukemia, breast cancer, lymphoma, gastrointestinal cancer, gynecologic cancer, malignant melanoma, germ cell tumor, brain tumor, sarcoma etc.	Leukemia, breast cancer, lymphoma, gastrointestinal cancer, gynecologic cancer, malignant melanoma, germ cell tumor, brain tumor, sarcoma etc.	Breast cancer, lymphoma etc. (when considering auto‐transplantation)
Target age	16‐45 years	14‐40 years	0‐40 years (can be performed for children)
Marital status	Married	Single/married	Single/married
Treatment duration	2‐8 wks	2‐8 wks	1‐2 wks
Cryopreservation method	Vitrification	Vitrification	Slow freezing or vitrification
Post‐thawing survival rate	≥95‐99%	≥90%	≥90%
Cost in Japan (USD)	3000‐4500	2000‐3500	5500‐7000 (+5500‐7000 for transplantation)
Number of births	≥40 000/y in Japan alone	≥6000 worldwide	≥100 worldwide (research stage)
Pregnancy rate	Pregnancy rate of 30%‐40% per embryo	Pregnancy rate of 4.5%‐12% per oocyte	Pregnancy rate of 20%‐30% per transplantationa

^aPotential disease recurrence due to transplantation.