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. 2018 Oct 12;12:671. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00671

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Copyright © 2018 Steadman and Sumner.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Lifetime sparseness of individual site responses in the auditory nerve, inferior colliculus, and auditory cortex. Values close to 0 indicate a tendency to respond to each stimulus with equal firing rates. Value closer to 1 indicate a tendency to respond selectively to a small number of speech tokens. (B) Population sparseness of responses in AN, IC, and AI. Values close to zero indicate that the neurons across the population respond similarly to a given stimulus. Values closer to 1 indicate that stimuli elicit responses from a small subset of the population. (C) Discrimination specificity in the AN, IC, and AI for each classifier mode. Discrimination specificity is based on a commonly used measure of sparseness applied to d’ values calculated from confusion matrices. Values close to 0 indicate an ability to discriminate all tokens equally. Values close to 1 indicate an ability to distinguish only a small subset of stimuli.