Figure 4.

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors also affect early immune responses to Staphylococcus aureus. (a–e) As in previous experiments, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from buffy coats. Cells were preincubated with three different HDAC inhibitors (1 h) and subsequently incubated for 24 h either in the presence or absence of heat‐killed S. aureus [1 × 10⁷ colony‐forming units (CFU)/ml]. Supernatants were collected and stored at –20ᵒC until tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α (a), interleukin (IL)‐1β (b), IL‐6 (c), IL‐1Ra (d) and IL‐10 (e) levels were measured [mean ± standard error of the mean (s.e.m.), n = 5, *P < 0·05, **P < 0·01, two‐way analysis of variance (anova) with Bonferroni post‐test].