Table 1.
Characteristics | Sample | Migraine (%) | P values |
Gender | 0.022 | ||
Male | 169 | 29 (17.2) | |
Female | 170 | 49 (28.8) | |
Current age, years | 0.039 | ||
≤16 | 82 | 12 (11.0) | |
>16 | 257 | 66 (25.7) | |
Duration of epilepsy, years | 0.001 | ||
≤10 | 235 | 42 (17.9) | |
>10 | 104 | 36 (34.6) | |
Onset age, years | 0.421 | ||
≤16 | 183 | 39 (21.3) | |
>16 | 156 | 39 (25.0) | |
Seizure frequency in the last year | 0.256 | ||
0–12 | 246 | 56 (22.8) | |
13–52 | 33 | 11 (33.3) | |
>52 | 28 | 7 (25.0) | |
Unknown | 32 | 4 (12.5) | |
Number of AEDs | 0.052 | ||
≤1 | 189 | 36 (19.0) | |
≥2 | 150 | 42 (28.0) | |
AEDs | 0.299 | ||
Topiramate | 66 | 20 (30.3) | |
Valproate | 126 | 29 (23.0) | |
Levetiracetam | 94 | 26 (27.7) | |
Oxcarbazepine | 94 | 19 (20.2) | |
Lamotrigine | 27 | 2 (7.4) | |
Carbamazepine | 67 | 19 (28.4) | |
Phenytoin | 20 | 4 (20.0) | |
Phenobarbital | 12 | 2 (16.7) | |
Seizure types | 0.319 | ||
Focal onset seizure | 68 | 10 (14.7) | |
Generalised onset seizure and focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures | 227 | 58 (25.6) | |
Undetermined | 44 | 10 (22.7) | |
Familial epilepsy | 11 | 5 (45.5) | 0.135 |
First-degree relatives | 9 | 4 (44.4) | |
Second-degree relatives | 2 | 1 (50.0) | |
No familial epilepsy | 328 | 73 (22.3) | |
Right-to-left shunt | |||
Grade 1 | 99 | 26 (26.3) | 0.102 |
Grade 2–3 | 41 | 16 (39.0) | 0.003 |
Grade 1–3 | 140 | 42 (29.6) | 0.010 |
Grade 0 | 199 | 36 (18.1) |
AEDs, antiepileptic drugs.