Table 3.

Comparisons of Structural Equation Models in Study 1.

Model Specifications	χ2	df	BIC	CFI	NNFI	RMSEA
1. Grit→self-esteem→life satisfactiona	201.98	75	12588.69	0.94	0.92	0.08
2. Grit→self-esteem→life satisfaction & Grit→life satisfaction	201.82	74	12594.02	0.94	0.92	0.08
3. Self-esteem→grit & Self-esteem→life satisfaction	201.82	74	12594.02	0.94	0.92	0.08
4. Grit→self-esteem & Grit→life satisfaction	201.82	74	12594.02	0.94	0.92	0.08
5. Self-esteem→grit→life satisfaction	232.28	75	12618.99	0.92	0.91	0.09

Notes: N = 243.

Δχ² is the change in χ² compared with the baseline model.

* p < .05. ** p < .01.

^a Baseline model.