Table 3.

Independent Prognostic Factors

	Univariate		Multivariate
	HR and 95% CI	P-value	HR and 95% CI	P-value
Age (years)
≤ 60	Reference		Reference
> 60	1.875 (1.595–2.204)	< 0.001	1.744 (1.479–2.055)	< 0.001
Sex
Male	Reference		Reference
Female	0.808 (0.691–0.945)	0.008	0.850 (0.726–0.996)	0.044
Race
White	Reference		Reference
Black	1.345 (1.082–1.670)	0.007	1.247 (0.998–1.558)	0.052
Other	0.715 (0.527–0.970)	0.031	0.767 (0.565–1.043)	0.090
Size (cm)
≤ 2	Reference		Reference
> 2	2.889 (2.241–3.724)	< 0.001	1.322 (1.009–1.731)	0.043
Unclear	6.799(5.110–9.047)	< 0.001	1.547(1.129–2.119)	0.007
Primary Site			a
Head	Reference
Body	0.684(0.530–0.884)	0.004
Tail	0.682(0.556–0.836)	< 0.001
Other	1.128(0.929–1.368)	0.223
Differentiation
Well	Reference		Reference
Moderately	1.557 (1.095–2.215)	0.014	1.049 (0.735–1.498)	0.791
Poorly	7.414 (5.608–9.803)	< 0.001	3.349 (2.498–4.489)	< 0.001
Undifferentiated	9.494 (6.113–14.743)	< 0.001	3.166 (2.000–5.011)	< 0.001
Unclear	5.136 (4.179–6.311)	< 0.001	1.626 (1.290–2.048)	< 0.001
T-stage			a
T1	Reference
T2	3.434(2.474–4.766)	< 0.001
T3	3.353(2.399–4.688)	< 0.001
T4	7.082(4.867–10.306)	< 0.001
Tx	9.288(6.696–12.882)	< 0.001
N-stage
N0	Reference		Reference
N1	1.679 (1.415–1.993)	< 0.001	1.304 (1.092–1.557)	0.003
Nx	3.732 (3.019–4.613)	< 0.001	1.452 (1.152–1.829)	0.002
Surgery
Yes	Reference		Reference
No	8.556 (6.941–10.548)	< 0.001	3.901 (3.013–5.050)	< 0.001
Unclear	1.991 (0.812–4.883)	0.133	1.487 (0.601–3.680)	0.391
Radiation			a
Yes	Reference
No	1.984(1.511–2.603)	< 0.001
Unclear	0.939(0.420–2.098)	0.878
mM-stage
mM0-stage	Reference		Reference
mM1-stage	4.520 (3.789–5.393)	< 0.001	1.643 (1.339–2.016)	< 0.001
mM2-stage	8.199(6.380–10.537)	< 0.001	2.249(1.704–2.968)	< 0.001
mM3-stage	16.356 (10.266–26.059)	< 0.001	5.034 (3.110–8.150)	< 0.001

^avariables excluded by multivariate forward stepwise cox regression