Table 1.
Comparison of physical fitness between exercise and usual care groups
| Baseline | Post-intervention | 3-month follow-up | Between-group difference post-intervention | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | P valuea | Mean (SD) | P valueb | Mean (95% CI) | P valuec | |
| Estimated VO2max (mL/kg/min) | |||||||
| Exercise | 23.3 (6.1) | 35.1 (8.0) | < 0.001 | 32.1 (8.2) | < 0.001 | 11.8 (25.2 to 16.7) | < 0.001 |
| Usual care | 22.7 (6.4) | 19.3 (8.5) | 0.14 | – | – | ||
| Resting heart rate (bpm) | |||||||
| Exercise | 87.9 (8.0) | 77.5 (8.5) | < 0.001 | 76.9 (8.9) | < 0.001 | −15.4 (−18.1 to −11.7) | < 0.001 |
| Usual care | 87.7 (7.7) | 88.1 (7.8) | 0.67 | – | – | ||
| Leg extension (kgs) | |||||||
| Exercise | 45.4 (10.6) | 75.7 (10.8) | < 0.001 | 77.4 (11.5) | < 0.001 | 30.4 (35.9 to 27.8) | < 0.001 |
| Usual care | 44.9 (9.1) | 42.9 (9.0) | 0.15 | – | – | ||
| Leg flexion (kgs) | |||||||
| Exercise | 39.5 (9.6) | 63.6 (11.2) | < 0.001 | 62.4 (12.1) | < 0.001 | 24.0 (27.2 to 21.6) | < 0.001 |
| Usual care | 40.8 (10.1) | 39.7 (10.6) | 0.23 | – | – | ||
| Latissimus pulldown (kgs) | |||||||
| Exercise | 30.6 (4.7) | 39.0 (6.1) | < 0.001 | 38.5 (6.5) | < 0.001 | 9.6 (11.7 to 6.1) | < 0.001 |
| Usual care | 30.3 (4.0) | 29.6 (4.4) | 0.27 | – | – | ||
| Chest press (kgs) | |||||||
| Exercise | 9.1 (2.3) | 20.7 (4.5) | < 0.001 | 19.5 (4.0) | < 0.001 | 11.6 (15.9 to 7.7) | < 0.001 |
| Usual care | 9.2 (2.5) | 8.7 (2.4) | 0.40 | – | – | ||
Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, CI confidence interval, kgs kilograms
aP value for repeated measures ANOVA comparing changes in the exercise group from baseline to post-intervention, and in the usual care group from baseline to post-intervention
bP value for repeated measures ANOVA comparing changes in the exercise group from baseline to 3-month follow-up
cP value for mixed model analysis comparing changes between the exercise and usual care group from baseline to post-intervention