Table 1.
Studies of cannabis use among medical students worldwide.
| Study | Country | Participants Gender: M/F |
Study year | Age | Gender of users (M/F) | Lifetime use, % | Past-year use, % | Past-month use, % | Quality (grade) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Αfrica | |||||||||
| Ihezue49 | Nigeria | 728 M/F: 607/121 |
2nd-6th | 22.6 ± 2.36 | M/F: 22/1 | ns | ns | 3.1%, n = 23 | C |
| James et al. 201350 | Nigeria | 200 M/F: 109/91 |
5th | 24.1 ± 2.45 | ns | 10.5%, n = 21 | ns | 5%, n = 10 | C |
| Asia | |||||||||
| Ali and Vankar45 | India | 215 ns |
1st, 2nd, 6th | 19.7 | M/F: 2/0 | 0.93%, n = 2 | ns | 0 | C |
| Jodati et al47 | Iran | 173 M/F: 173/0 |
ns | 21.3 | ns | ns | 5.7%, n = 10 | ns | C |
| Rai et al46 | India | 2135 M/F: 1512/623 |
1st-6th | 20.5 | M/F: 129/12 | 6.0%, n = 141 | ns | 1.4%, n = 32 | C |
| Budhathoki et al48 | Nepal | 510 M/F: 324/186 |
3rd | 22.5 | M/F: 62/5 | 13.1%, n = 67 | ns | ns | C |
| Central and Southern America | |||||||||
| Lambert Passos et al37 | Brazil | 1054 M/F: 499/553 |
1st-6th | 21.1 ± 3.9 | M/F: 124/94 | 20.9%, n = 218 | ns | 5.5%, n = 59 | C |
| Di Pietro et al38 | Brazil | 456 M/F: 247/209 |
1st-6th | 21.12 ± 2.4 | ns | ns | ns | 15%, n = 68 | C |
| Boniatti et al40 | Brazil | 183 M/F: 84/99 |
1st-6th | 22.5 ± 2.4 | M/F: 31/26 | 31.1%, n = 57 | 13.6%, n = 25 | 7.6%, n = 14 | C |
| Buchanan and Pillon44 | Honduras | 260 M/F: 115/145 |
4th-5th | 22.5 | ns | ns | 3.8%, n = 10 | 1.9%, n = 5 | C |
| Carvalho et al41 | Brazil | 465 M/F: 265/200 |
1st-6th | 21.5 | ns | 14.4%, n = 67 | 4.5%, n = 21 | ns | C |
| Da Silveira et al39 | Brazil | 456 M/F: 247/209 |
1st-6th | 21 | M/F: 63/12 | ns | 16.4%, n = 75 | ns | C |
| De Oliveira et al42 | Brazil | 209 M/F: 111/98 |
6th | 22 | M/F: 34/17 | 24.3%, n = 51 | 14.3%, n = 30 | 10.5%, n = 22 | C |
| Petroianu et al43 | Brazil | 332 M/F: 160/172 |
1st-6th | 23 | M/F: 37/16 | ns | 16%, n = 53 | ns | C |
| Europe | |||||||||
| McKay et al13 | United Kingdom | 749 ns |
1st-4th | 20 | M/F: 80/20 | 13.4%, n = 100 | ns | 3.6%, n = 27 | C |
| Laporte et al19 | Spain | 808 M/F: 515/293 |
1st-6th | ns | M/F: 45/19 | 7.9%, n = 64 | ns | 3.8%, n = 31 | C |
| Rodriguez et al. 198620 | Spain | 2308 M/F: 1112/1196 |
ns | ns | M/F: 285/193 | 20.7%, n = 478 | ns | ns | C |
| Ashton and Kamali14 | United Kingdom | 186 M/F: 76/109 | ns | 20.4 ± 1.8 | M/F: 26/30 | 30.3%, n = 56 | ns | ns | C |
| Webb et al15 | United Kingdom | 750 M/F: 333/417 |
2nd | ns | M/F: 180/165 | 46%, n = 345 | ns | 10%, n = 75 | C |
| Newbury-Birch et al16 | United Kingdom | 194 M/F: 64/130 |
1st | 18.8 ± 2.1 | M/F:32/54 | 44.3%, n = 86 | ns | 19%, n = 37 | C |
| Pickard et al17 | United Kingdom | 136 M/F: 46/90 |
2nd | ns | M/F: 11/30 | 30.1%, n = 41 | ns | ns | C |
| Newbury-Birch et al18 | United Kingdom | 110 M/F: 33/77 |
6th | ns | M/F: 22/50 | 65.5%, n = 72 | ns | 23.6%, n = 26 | C |
| Trkulja et al21 | Croatia | 775 M/F: 290/485 |
1st-6th | 18-24 | M/F: 129/144 | 61.5%, n = 273 | ns | ns | C |
| Gignon et al22 | France | 171 ns |
2nd-6th | 22.1 ± 1.7 | ns | ns | 77%, n = 131 | 33%, n = 56 | C |
| Vujcic et al23 | Serbia | 418 M/F: 156/262 |
4th | 22.46 ± 1.12 | M/F: 63/83 | 34.9%, n = 146 | ns | ns | C |
| USA | |||||||||
| Solursh et al24 | USA | 234 ns |
3rd-Final | ns | ns | 20.5%, n = 48 | 16.6%, n = 39 | 11.9%, n = 28 | C |
| Lipp et al25 | USA | 1063 ns |
ns | ns | ns | 52%, n = 550 | ns | 30.9%, n = 328 | C |
| Rochford et al26 | USA | 134 ns |
1st | 22 | ns | 72%, n = 96 | ns | ns | C |
| Kory and Crandall27 | USA | 463 M/F: 421/42 |
1st-Final | 23.6 | ns | 70%, n = 302 | ns | 27.4%, n = 127 | C |
| McAuliffe et al28 | USA | 381 M/F: 225/156 |
1st-Final | 25 | ns | 18.9%, n = 72 | 5.77%, n = 22 | 3.1%, n = 12 | C |
| Conard et al29 | USA | 589 M/F: 383/206 |
4th | 27.6 | ns | 74%, n = 436 | 31.9%, n = 188 | 16.9%, n = 100 | C |
| Schwartz et al. 199030 | USA | 263 M/F: 170/93 |
2nd-3rd | ns | ns | 48.3%, n = 127 | 19%, n = 50 | 5.3%, n = 14 | C |
| Croen et al31 | USA | 139 M/F: 79/60 |
3rd | <22 | ns | ns | 21.6%, n = 30 | ns | C |
| Choi et al32 | USA | 301 M/F: 109/192 |
1st-Final | ns | ns | ns | ns | 1.3%, n = 4 | C |
| Zhou et al33 | USA | 431 M/F: 217/214 |
1st-Final | 25 | ns | 31.5%, n = 136 | 12.2%, n = 53 | 9%, n = 39 | C |
| Chan et al34 | USA | 236 M/F: 119/115 |
1st-Final | 25-29 | ns | 33.3%, n = 127 | ns | ns | C |
| Merlo et al35 | USA | 862 M/F: 369/491 |
1st-Final | ns | M/F: 190/224 | 46.8%, n = 414 | ns | 4.1%, n = 36 | C |
| Ayala et al36 | USA | 855 M/F: 304/534 |
1st-Final | 25.6 ± 3.30 | ns | ns | 26.2%, n = 224 | 11.7% n = 100 | C |
When available, age is displayed with average and its standard deviation. M, male; F, female; ns, data not stated).