Table 2.
Means and standard deviations are reported by speaker group and neuropsychological domain as well as summarized analysis of variance results and the direction of the effect of significant post hoc tests comparing neuropsychological measures among speaker groups.
| Group | IP efficiency (PASAT-3 and SDMT) |
Verbal memory and learning (CVLT-II) |
Executive function (DKEFS) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | ||
| MSDYS + CI | −1.96 (−0.76) | −0.96 (0.85) | −1.18 (1.03) | |
| MSDYS | −0.17 (0.47) | 0.76 (1.12) | 0.01 (0.71) | |
| MSCI | −1.16 (1.05) | −0.94 (1.55) | −1.44 (1.39) | |
| MS | 0.27 (0.58) | 0.90 (0.67) | 0.61 (1.07) | |
| CON |
0.27 (0.80) |
0.67 (0.82) |
−0.08 (0.80) |
|
|
Neuropsychological measures |
Source |
ANOVA |
Post hoc comparisons (significant differences) |
|
| Variable |
F |
p |
Comparison |
|
| IP efficiency | Group | 19.859 | .001* | MSCI < MSDYS |
| MSCI < MS | ||||
| MSCI < CON | ||||
| MSDYS + CI < MSDYS | ||||
| MSDYS + CI < MS | ||||
| MSDYS + CI < CON | ||||
| Verbal memory and learning | Group | 9.812 | .001* | MSCI < MSDYS |
| MSCI < MS | ||||
| MSCI < CON | ||||
| MSDYS + CI < MSDYS | ||||
| MSDYS + CI < MS | ||||
| MSDYS + CI < CON | ||||
| Executive function | Group | 8.442 | .001* | MSCI < MSDYS |
| MSCI < MS | ||||
| MSCI < CON | ||||
| MSDYS + CI < MS | ||||
| MSDYS + CI < CON | ||||
Note. IP = information processing; PASAT-3 = 3-second version of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test; SDMT = Symbol Digit Modalities Test; CVLT-II = California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition; DKEFS = Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System Sorting Test; MSDYS + CI = MS group with dysarthria and cognitive impairment; MSDYS = MS group with dysarthria and intact cognition; MSCI = MS group with cognitive impairment; MS = MS group without dysarthria or cognitive impairment; CON = healthy controls; ANCOVA = analysis of covariance.
p < .05.