Table 3.
Fixed effects for consistency, age, sex, and interactions.
| Main effects | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Temporal measure | Factor | F ratio | p value |
| Swallowing reaction time | Consistency | 4.055 | .004 |
| Swallowing reaction time | Sex | 5.972 | .012 |
| Swallowing reaction time | Age | 6.514 | .015 |
| Swallowing reaction time | Consistency × Sex | 0.607 | .658 |
| Swallowing reaction time | Consistency × Age | 1.622 | .171 |
| Swallowing reaction time | Sex × Age | 0.057 | .811 |
| Swallowing reaction time | Consistency × Age × Sex | 0.167 | .955 |
| Duration of laryngeal vestibule closure | Consistency | 4.303 | .002 |
| Duration of laryngeal vestibule closure | Sex | 1.485 | .225 |
| Duration of laryngeal vestibule closure | Age | 8.171 | .005 |
| Duration of laryngeal vestibule closure | Consistency × Sex | 1.006 | .406 |
| Duration of laryngeal vestibule closure | Consistency × Age | 0.595 | .666 |
| Duration of laryngeal vestibule closure | Sex × Age | 2.068 | .152 |
| Duration of laryngeal vestibule closure | Consistency × Age × Sex | 0.219 | .927 |
| Laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time (bolus) | Consistency | 4.215 | .003 |
| Laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time (bolus) | Sex | 7.360 | .007 |
| Laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time (bolus) | Age | 6.938 | .009 |
| Laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time (bolus) | Consistency × Sex | 0.630 | .642 |
| Laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time (bolus) | Consistency × Age | 1.644 | .165 |
| Laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time (bolus) | Sex × Age | 0.130 | .718 |
| Laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time (bolus) | Consistency × Age × Sex | 0.192 | .942 |
| Laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time (hyoid) | Consistency | 1.172 | .324 |
| Laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time (hyoid) | Sex | 6.683 | .011 |
| Laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time (hyoid) | Age | 9.701 | .002 |
| Laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time (hyoid) | Consistency × Sex | 0.146 | .964 |
| Laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time (hyoid) | Consistency × Age | 0.147 | .964 |
| Laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time (hyoid) | Sex × Age | 4.271 | .040 |
| Laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time (hyoid) | Consistency × Age × Sex | 0.842 | .500 |
| Duration to maximum hyoid elevation | Consistency | 0.362 | .836 |
| Duration to maximum hyoid elevation | Sex | 3.571 | .060 |
| Duration to maximum hyoid elevation | Age | 49.985 | .001 |
| Duration to maximum hyoid elevation | Consistency × Sex | 0.133 | .970 |
| Duration to maximum hyoid elevation | Consistency × Age | 0.362 | .835 |
| Duration to maximum hyoid elevation | Sex × Age | 0.302 | .583 |
| Duration to maximum hyoid elevation | Consistency × Age × Sex | 1.095 | .360 |
| UES opening reaction time (bolus) | Consistency | 4.555 | .002 |
| UES opening reaction time (bolus) | Sex | 6.932 | .009 |
| UES opening reaction time (bolus) | Age | 7.203 | .008 |
| UES opening reaction time (bolus) | Consistency × Sex | 0.634 | .639 |
| UES opening reaction time (bolus) | Consistency × Age | 1.615 | .172 |
| UES opening reaction time (bolus) | Sex × Age | 0.092 | .762 |
| UES opening reaction time (bolus) | Consistency × Age × Sex | 0.165 | .956 |
| UES opening reaction time (hyoid) | Consistency | 11.361 | .001 |
| UES opening reaction time (hyoid) | Sex | 2.520 | .114 |
| UES opening reaction time (hyoid) | Age | 26.657 | .001 |
| UES opening reaction time (hyoid) | Consistency × Sex | 0.328 | .859 |
| UES opening reaction time (hyoid) | Consistency × Age | 0.096 | .984 |
| UES opening reaction time (hyoid) | Sex × Age | 2.021 | .157 |
| UES opening reaction time (hyoid) | Consistency × Age × Sex | 0.607 | .658 |
| Pharyngeal transit time | Consistency | 3.719 | .006 |
| Pharyngeal transit time | Sex | 6.389 | .012 |
| Pharyngeal transit time | Age | 8.165 | .005 |
| Pharyngeal transit time | Consistency × Sex | 0.649 | .628 |
| Pharyngeal transit time | Consistency × Age | 1.688 | .155 |
| Pharyngeal transit time | Sex × Age | 0.182 | .670 |
| Pharyngeal transit time | Consistency × Age × Sex | 0.177 | .950 |
| Duration of UES opening | Consistency | 8.520 | .001 |
| Duration of UES opening | Sex | 11.979 | .001 |
| Duration of UES opening | Age | 12.987 | .001 |
| Duration of UES opening | Consistency × Sex | 0.032 | .998 |
| Duration of UES opening | Consistency × Age | 0.270 | .897 |
| Duration of UES opening | Sex × Age | 0.563 | .454 |
| Durations of UES opening | Consistency × Age × Sex | 0.173 | .952 |
| Bolus head location at hyoid burst | Consistency | 13.750 | .469 |
| Bolus head location at hyoid burst | Sex | 0.441 | .831 |
| Bolus head location at hyoid burst | Age | 2.594 | .474 |
| Bolus head location at hyoid burst | Consistency × Sex | 1.095 | .659 |
| Bolus head location at hyoid burst | Consistency × Age | 0.660 | .680 |
| Bolus head location at hyoid burst | Sex × Age | 1.337 | .228 |
| Bolus head location at hyoid burst | Consistency × Age × Sex | 1.253 | .298 |
| Bolus head at LVC | Consistency | 3.697 | .567 |
| Bolus head at LVC | Sex | 0.691 | .056 |
| Bolus head at LVC | Age | 2.447 | .360 |
| Bolus head at LVC | Consistency × Sex | 0.560 | .193 |
| Bolus head at LVC | Consistency × Age | 0.398 | .682 |
| Bolus head at LVC | Sex × Age | 1.338 | .025 |
| Bolus head at LVC | Consistency × Age × Sex | 0.524 | .153 |
Note. Bolded text indicates statistically significant outcomes. UES = upper esophageal sphincter; LVC = laryngeal vestibule closure.