Figure 3. Effect of Qe, Ag NPs, and QA NPs on biofilm integrity of E. coli strain ECDCM1 were monitored by SEM.

(A) The control group with no antimicrobial agents; (B) E. coli strain ECDCM1 with exposure to Qe; (C) E. coli strain ECDCM1 with exposure to Ag NPs; (D) E. coli strain ECDCM1 with exposure to QA NPs.