Table 1. Characteristics of children.
| Median | Interquartile range | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 7.6 | 7.4-7.9 | 6.6-8.9 |
| Body height, cm | 129.0 | 125.2-132.0 | 110.7-144.7 |
| Body height-SDSa | 0.1 | -0.6-0.8 | -2.8-3.1 |
| Body weight, kg | 25.9 | 23.4-29.0 | 15.2-51.4 |
| BMI-SDSa | -0.2 | -1.0-0.5 | -3.5-2.4 |
| Body fat percentage | 18.7 | 13.3-23.8 | 5.4-44.8 |
| Lean body mass, kg | 20.4 | 18.9-22.2 | 13.3-28.1 |
| Gestational age at birth, wk | 40 | 39-40 | 32-42 |
| Birth length, cm | 50.0 | 49.0-51.0 | 40.5-56.0 |
| Birth weight, g | 3590 | 3203-3880 | 1595-5090 |
| Serum DHEAS, µmol/L | 0.57 | 0.32-0.84 | 0.01-7.84 |
| Serum IGF-1, nmol/L | 22.1 | 17.8-26.8 | 7.76-52.1 |
| Eating frequency | |||
| Meals | 2.8 | 2.5-3.0 | 1.8-3.0 |
| Snacks | 2.5 | 2.0-3.3 | 0.3-8.0 |
| Food consumption | |||
| Red meat, g/MJ | 11.1 | 7.8-14.7 | 0.4-39.7 |
| Poultry, g/MJ | 1.6 | 0.0-3.9 | 0.0-21.6 |
| Fish, g/MJ | 0.8 | 0.0-3.6 | 0.0-16.2 |
| Low-fiber grain products (fiber < 5 %), g/MJ | 15.5 | 11.8-20.4 | 0.4-66.2 |
| High-fiber grain products (fiber ≥ 5 %), g/MJ | 8.5 | 5.1-12.6 | 0.0-42.5 |
| Low-fat milk and sour milk products (fat < 1 %), g/MJ | 59.1 | 14.6-89.9 | 0.0-192.3 |
| High-fat milk and sour milk products (fat ≥ 1 %), g/MJ | 28.3 | 15.4-55.7 | 0.0-169.0 |
| Cheese, g/MJ | 1.7 | 0.6-3.1 | 0.0-11.7 |
| Butter, g/MJ | 0.4 | 0.1-1.4 | 0.0-6.3 |
| Vegetable oil and oil-based margarine, g/MJ | 1.9 | 1.1-3.0 | 0.0-8.8 |
| Vegetables (excluding potato), g/MJ | 13.6 | 8.5-19.1 | 0.9-61.4 |
| Potatoes, g/MJ | 10.1 | 6.3-14.5 | 0.0-43.3 |
| Berries and fruit, g/MJ | 13.5 | 6.6-21.4 | 0.0-73.0 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages, g/MJ | 15.6 | 6.5-30.1 | 0.0-103.3 |
| Sweets and chocolate, g/MJ | 3.7 | 1.7-6.1 | 0.0-19.6 |
| Nutrient intake | |||
| Energy, MJ/day | 6.8 | 6.0-7.8 | 3.0-10.9 |
| Protein, E% | 16.7 | 15.0-18.4 | 9.5-25.4 |
| Vegetable protein, E% | 4.2 | 3.7-4.8 | 2.3-11.2 |
| Animal protein, E% | 12.3 | 10.5-13.8 | 4.1-21.7 |
| Fat, E% | 29.9 | 26.4-33.6 | 16.1-44.7 |
| Saturated fat, E% | 12.1 | 10.2-14.2 | 5.0-19.4 |
| Monounsaturated fat, E% | 9.8 | 8.7-11.3 | 5.0-18.3 |
| Polyunsaturated fat, E% | 4.7 | 4.0-5.6 | 1.9-10.9 |
| Carbohydrates, E% | 51.5 | 48.3-55.2 | 36.3-66.9 |
| Sucrose, E% | 12.5 | 10.3-14.8 | 0.6-24.5 |
| Fiber, g/MJ | 2.0 | 1.7-2.5 | 0.7-4.1 |
| Physical activity assessed objectively | |||
| Total physical activity, min/day | 660.8 | 561.3-719.9 | 169.3-905.4 |
| Light physical activity, min/day | 527.8 | 442.6-584.7 | 151.0-766.7 |
| Moderate physical activity, min/day | 81.4 | 57.3-114.6 | 9.9-300.9 |
| Vigorous physical activity, min/day | 17.2 | 6.4-35.8 | 0.0-132.1 |
| Moderate to vigorous physical activity, min/day | 103.4 | 71.4-152.1 | 9.9-326.3 |
| Physical activity assessed by questionnaire | |||
| Total physical activity, min/day | 107.9 | 77.1-140.7 | 31.4-247.1 |
| Unsupervised physical activity, min/day | 42.9 | 25.7-68.6 | 0.0-107.1 |
| Organized sports, min/day | 0.0 | 0.0-12.9 | 0.0-51.4 |
| Organized exercise other than sports, min/day | 8.6 | 0.0-17.1 | 0.0-124.3 |
| Commuting to and from school, min/day | 20.0 | 10.0-40.0 | 0.0-180.0 |
| Physical activity during recess, min/day | 20.0 | 20.0-30.0 | 10.0-30.0 |
| Sedentary behavior assessed objectively | |||
| Awake-time sedentary behavior, min/day | 660.8 | 562.9-719.7 | 169.3-869.8 |
| Sedentary behavior assessed by questionnaire | |||
| Total sedentary behavior, min/day | 196.4 | 143.6-263.6 | 19.3-666.4 |
| Screen-based sedentary behavior, min/day | 98.6 | 66.4-128.6 | 0.0-314.3 |
| Sedentary behavior related to academic skills, min/day | 25.7 | 5.7-45.7 | 0.0-180 |
| Sedentary behavior related to music, min/day | 0.0 | 0.0-25.7 | 0.0-205.7 |
| Sedentary behavior related to arts, crafts, and games, min/day | 45.7 | 0.0-77.1 | 0.0-295.7 |
| Sitting and lying for a rest, min/day | 0.0 | 0.0-5.7 | 0.0-162.9 |
DHEAS = dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor-1, E% = percentage of total energy intake, SDS = standard deviation score
a
Height and BMI standard deviation scores based on Finnish reference (29).
Number of children (n) varies from 376 to 431 in different variables:
n= 420: Body fat percentage, Lean body mass
n= 428: Gestational age at birth, Birth weight
n= 421: Birth length
n= 395: Eating frequency, Food consumption, Nutrient intake
n= 430: Physical activity during recess
n= 376: Light physical activity, Moderate physical activity, Vigorous physical activity; objectively measured
n= 374: Awake-time sedentary behavior; objectively measured