Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the atomic-level structure engineering of Zn_xCo_1−xO for high-rate intercalation pseudocapacitance applications.

Arrays of single-crystal Zn_xCo_1−xO nanorods (NRs) are in situ fabricated on a conductive substrate to ensure quick charge transportation. For every single Zn_xCo_1−xO NR, the uniform doping of Zn ions in the oxide host assures fast electrical conduction, while the creation of O vacancy–rich {111} nanofacets enables easy access of oxygen ions into the oxide host with a low energy barrier.