Table 1.
Socio-demographic Characteristics and Fatty Intakes of Study Participants
| Characteristic | SMHS
|
SWHS (never smoking women only) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n=782) |
Non-cases (n=56,112) |
P-value | Cases (n=714) |
Non-cases (n=64,362) |
P-value | |
| Categorical Variables | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Ever smoking | 667 (85.3) | 39,067 (69.6) | <0.0001 | - | - | - |
| Ever drinking | 336 (43.0) | 18,769 (33.4) | <0.0001 | 13 (1.8) | 1,252 (1.9) | 0.81 |
| Smoking packs-year (Mean±SD) | 34.9±17.9 | 22.3±17.3 | <0.0001 | - | - | - |
| 0 | 115 (14.7) | 17,045 (30.4) | <0.0001 | - | - | - |
| 1-31 | 333 (42.6) | 29,866 (53.2) | - | - | - | |
| ≥32 | 334 (42.7) | 9,201 (16.4) | - | - | - | |
| BMI (kg/m2) (Mean±SD) | 23.2±3.3 | 23.7±3.1 | <0.0001 | 24.3±3.5 | 24.0±3.4 | 0.01 |
| BMI<25 | 551 (70.5) | 37,666 (67.1) | 0.05 | 441 (61.8) | 42,250 (65.6) | 0.03 |
| BMI≥25 | 231 (29.5) | 18,446 (32.9) | 273 (38.2) | 22,112 (34.4) | ||
| Vitamin supplemental use | 123 (15.7) | 8,355 (14.9) | 0.52 | 149 (20.9) | 12,554 (19.5) | 0.36 |
| Post-menopausal | - | - | - | 500 (70.0) | 30,273 (47.0) | <0.0001 |
| Regular hormone replacement therapy use | - | - | - | 27 (3.8) | 2,343 (3.6) | 0.11 |
| Physical activity | 305 (39.0) | 19,112 (34.7) | 0.01 | 298 (41.7) | 22,171 (34.4) | <0.0001 |
|
| ||||||
| Continuous Variables | (Mean±SD) | (Mean±SD) | P-value | (Mean±SD) | (Mean±SD) | P-value |
|
| ||||||
| Follow-up time | 4.6±2.6 | 8.4±1.5 | <0.0001 | 8.3±4.0 | 13.9±1.8 | <0.0001 |
| Age at baseline | 61.5±9.4 | 55.8±9.5 | <0.0001 | 57.2±8.9 | 52.0±8.9 | <0.0001 |
| Total fatty acid (g/d) | 34.2±17.0 | 34.7±16.1 | 0.42 | 28.0±13.3 | 29.7±13.5 | 0.0005 |
| Saturated fatty acid (g/d) | 10.1±5.3 | 10.3±5.0 | 0.39 | 8.0±4.1 | 8.6±4.2 | 0.0003 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acid (g/d) | 15.1±8.3 | 15.3±7.9 | 0.58 | 12.1±6.3 | 12.9±6.4 | 0.0003 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid (g/d) | 8.5±4.1 | 8.6±3.8 | 0.28 | 7.4±3.7 | 7.7±3.5 | 0.03 |
| Linoleic acid (g/d) | 7.1±3.4 | 7.2±3.2 | 0.35 | 6.2±3.1 | 6.4±3.0 | 0.05 |
| Linolenic acid (g/d) | 1.0±0.5 | 1.1±0.5 | 0.08 | 0.9±0.5 | 0.9±0.4 | 0.03 |
| Arachidonic acid (g/d) | 0.05±0.03 | 0.05±0.03 | 0.17 | 0.05±0.03 | 0.05±0.03 | <0.0001 |
| Timnodonic acid-EPA (g/d) | 0.03±0.03 | 0.03±0.03 | 0.11 | 0.03±0.03 | 0.03±0.03 | 0.12 |
| Docosahexaenoic acid-DHA (g/d) | 0.07±0.08 | 0.07±0.08 | 0.22 | 0.06±0.07 | 0.07±0.07 | 0.26 |
| Total n-3 PUFAs (g/d) | 1.1±0.6 | 1.2±0.5 | 0.06 | 1.0±0.5 | 1.0±0.5 | 0.02 |
| Total n-3 HUFAs (g/d) | 0.1±0.1 | 0.1±0.1 | 0.20 | 0.09±0.1 | 0.1±0.1 | 0.19 |
| Total n-6 PUFAs (g/d) | 7.1±3.4 | 7.2±3.2 | 0.35 | 6.2±3.1 | 6.5±3.0 | 0.04 |
| Total energy intake (Kcal/d)a | 1,836.0±479.4 | 1,911.3±476.5 | 0.02 | 1,647.3±374.7 | 1,676.1±391.0 | 0.43 |
| Red meat intake (g/d)b | 61.5±44.5 | 63.1±43.6 | 0.0002 | 47.0±33.5 | 51.2±35.9 | 0.68 |
| Fish intake (g/d)b | 48.9±46.8 | 52.0±46.3 | 0.13 | 48.0±42.2 | 51.1±44.5 | 0.32 |
| Vegetable intake (g/d)b | 316.6±185.6 | 345.0±192.8 | 0.01 | 290.2±174.5 | 296.9±168.7 | 0.73 |
| Peanuts intake (g/d)b | 2.7±6.5 | 2.4±4.4 | 0.08 | 1.6±3.5 | 1.6±3.4 | 0.52 |
| Soy intake (g/d)b | 148.5±109.8 | 156.1±118.1 | 0.05 | 142.8±126.0 | 139.6±122.4 | 0.60 |
a
Adjusted for age at baseline;
b
Adjusted for age at baseline and total energy intake
Abbreviation: PUFA-polyunsaturated fatty acid; HUFA-highly unsaturated fatty acid.