Table 1:
Socioeconomic Stressors (n=99)
| SLE Topic (N) | Age Group Group | N | TL from blood, qPCR | Single sex sample | From same study | Test moderator | Longit.* | Signif. TL Assoc. | Direction of Assoc. | Articles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Educational Resources (41) | Middle aged adults | 7 | 7/7 | 4/7 | 2/7 | 1/7 sex (Sig. assoc. only for males) | 0/7 | 1/7 | 1 positive, as expected (for males only) | Chae et al 2014; Chae et al 2016; Loprinzi 2015; Malan et al 2011; Malan-Muller et al 2013; Pathai et al 2013; Pearce et al 2012 |
| Middle aged and older | 23 | 23/23 | 5/23 | 2/23; 3/23; 2/23; 3/23 | 1/23 race (n.s.); 2/23 age (mixed) | 3/23 | 9/23 | 6 positive, as expected; 3 negative, contrary to expectation | Batty et al 2009; Carroll et al 2013; Cui et al 2013; Geronimus et al 2015; Hill et al 2016; Kananen et al 2010; Kingma et al 2012; Lee et al 2013; Leung et al 2014; Levandowski et al 2016; Litzelman et al 2014; Menke et al 2015; Needham et al 2013; Nettleton et al 2008; Park et al 2015; Parks et al 2009; Revesz et al 2016; Robertson et al 2012; Roux et al 2009; Shiels et al 2011; Surtees et al 2012; Tyrka et al 2016; Van Ockenburg et al 2015 | |
| Older adults | 11 | 8/11 | 1/11 | 2/11; 2/11 | 1/11 age, sex, race (Assoc. stronger for black); 1/11 sex and race (Sig. assoc. for black males only) | 2/11 | 4/11 | 4 positive, as expected | Adler et al 2013; Faul et al 2016; Harris et al 2012; Kuffer et al 2016; Puterman et al 2015; Rehkopf et al 2013; Sanders et al 2015; Steptoe et al 2011; Whisman et al 2016; Yen & Lung 2013; Zalli et al 2014 | |
| Financial Resources (29) | Middle aged adults | 6 | 6/6 | 3/6 | 2/6 | 1/6 sex (n.s.) | 1/6 | 1/6 | 1 positive, as expected | Adams et al 2007, Ahrens et al. 2016, Chae et al 2014, Chae et al 2016, Loprinzi 2015, Pathai et al 2013 |
| Middle aged and older | 15 | 15/15 | 1/15 | 3/15; 3/15; 2/15 | 1/15 race (n.s.); 1/15 age (n.s.) | 2/15 | 0/15 | N/A | Carroll et al 2013; Cui et al 2013; Geronimus et al 2015; Hill et al 2016; Kingma et al 2012; Lee et al 2013; Leung et al 2014; Menke et al 2015; Needham et al 2013; Nettleton et al 2008; Park et al 2015; Revesz et al 2016; Robertson et al 2012; Roux et al 2009; Shiels et al 2011 | |
| Older adults | 8 | 6/8 | 1/8 | 2/8 | 1/8 age, sex, race (n.s.) | 3/8 | 4/8 | 2 positive, as expected; 2 negative, contrary to expectation | Adler et al 2013; Faul et al 2016; Puterman et al 2015; Rehkopf et al 2013; Sanders et al 2015; Steptoe et al 2011; Whisman et al 2016; Yen & Lung 2013 | |
| Parental SES (25) | Infants / children | 14 | 7/14 | 1/14 | 3/14; 2/14 | 0/14 | 2/14 | 5/14 | 5 positive, as expected | Asok et al 2013; Beach et al 2014; Brody et al 2015; Costa et al 2015; Dismukes et al 2016; Drury et al 2015; Drury, Shirtcliff et al 2014; Drury, Mabile et al 2014; Fillman et al 2016; Mitchell et al 2014; Needham et al 2012; Pawlas et al 2015; Theall et al 2013; Wojcicki et al 2016 |
| Middle aged adults | 4 | 4/4 | 0/4 | 2/4 | 1/4 sex (n.s.) | 3/4 | 1/4 | 1 positive, as expected | Adams et al 2007; Cohen et al 2013; Jodczyk et al 2014; Pearce et al 2012 | |
| Middle aged and older | 4 | 4/4 | 1/4 | 0/4 | 1/4 age (Sig. assoc. only for younger) | 1/4 | 2/4 | 1 positive, as expected; 1 negative, contrary to expectation | Batty et al 2009; Carroll et al 2013; Robertson et al 2012; Tyrka et al 2016 | |
| Older adults | 3 | 1/3 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 1 positive, as expected | de Rooij et al 2015; Faul et al 2016; Rehkopf et al 2013 | |
| Home Ownership (4) | Middle aged adults | 1 | 1/1 | 0/1 | N/A | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | N/A | Pathai et al 2013 |
| Middle aged and older | 3 | 3/3 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 1/3 age (Assoc. sig. only for younger); 1/3 race (Assoc. sig. for all but black) | 1/3 | 3/3 | 3 positive, as expected | Carroll et al 2013; Robertson et al 2012; Shiels et al 2011 |
*
Longitudinal includes studies that have measures of stressors over time and TL at one time point, as well as studies that have multiple measures of both TL and stressors.