Table 3.
Association of the amount of coffee, tea and caffeine intake with RA
| Nutrient | Cases | Age adjusted
|
Multivariable adjusted*
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | ||
| Total coffee, cups/day | |||||
| None | 49 | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| 1 | 23 | 0.85 | 0.52, 1.39 | 0.89 | 0.53, 1.47 |
| 2–3 | 61 | 1.05 | 0.72, 1.53 | 1.08 | 0.73, 1.60 |
| 4 or more | 48 | 1.32 | 0.89, 1.96 | 1.29 | 0.84, 1.98 |
| p value for trend | 0.10 | 0.16 | |||
| Caffeinated coffee, cups/day | |||||
| None | 79 | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| 1 | 28 | 0.88 | 0.57, 1.36 | 0.93 | 0.60, 1.44 |
| 2–3 | 54 | 1.02 | 0.72, 1.45 | 1.01 | 0.70, 1.45 |
| 4 or more | 23 | 1.36 | 0.85, 2.16 | 1.37 | 0.84, 2.23 |
| p value for trend | 0.30 | 0.37 | |||
| Decaffeinated coffee, cups/day | |||||
| None | 121 | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| 1 | 22 | 0.80 | 0.51, 1.25 | 0.75 | 0.47, 1.21 |
| 2–3 | 28 | 1.14 | 0.76, 1.72 | 1.08 | 0.71, 1.66 |
| 4 or more | 10 | 1.70 | 0.89, 3.24 | 1.76 | 0.92, 3.36 |
| p value for trend | 0.32 | 0.41 | |||
| Unfiltered coffee†, cups/day | |||||
| None | 167 | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| 1 | 2 | 0.70 | 0.17, 2.81 | 0.69 | 0.17, 2.80 |
| 2–3 | 5 | 0.78 | 0.32, 1.89 | 0.77 | 0.32, 1.89 |
| 3 or more | 5 | 1.32 | 0.54, 3.21 | 0.80 | 0.32, 1.89 |
| p value for trend | 0.97 | 0.38 | |||
| Filtered coffee‡, cups/day | |||||
| None | 61 | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| 1 | 21 | 0.87 | 0.53, 1.44 | 0.95 | 0.57, 1.57 |
| 2–3 | 56 | 1.11 | 0.77, 1.60 | 1.19 | 0.81, 1.74 |
| 3 or more | 41 | 1.31 | 0.88, 1.95 | 1.38 | 0.91, 2.11 |
| p value for trend | 0.11 | 0.08 | |||
| Tea, cups/day | |||||
| None | 125 | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| 1 | 27 | 1.26 | 0.83, 1.91 | 1.33 | 0.87, 2.04 |
| 2–3 | 22 | 1.26 | 0.80, 1.98 | 1.38 | 0.87, 2.18 |
| 4 or more | 7 | 1.59 | 0.74, 3.40 | 1.78 | 0.83, 3.82 |
| p value for trend | 0.10 | 0.03 | |||
| Total Coffee and/or Tea, cups/day | |||||
| None | 30 | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| 1 | 25 | 1.07 | 0.63, 1.83 | 1.19 | 0.68, 2.05 |
| 2–3 | 56 | 1.08 | 0.69, 1.68 | 1.19 | 0.74, 1.91 |
| 4 or more | 72 | 1.44 | 0.94, 2.20 | 1.57 | 0.99, 2.49 |
| p value for trend | 0.02 | 0.01 | |||
| Caffeine, mg/day | |||||
| ≤57.53 | 23 | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| 57.53–90.56 | 38 | 1.64 | 0.98, 2.75 | 1.65 | 0.97, 2.82 |
| 90.56–177.65 | 40 | 1.74 | 1.04, 2.91 | 1.85 | 1.08, 3.15 |
| 177.65–242.40 | 32 | 1.41 | 0.83, 2.42 | 1.48 | 0.85, 2.60 |
| ≥242.96 | 40 | 1.79 | 1.07, 2.99 | 1.83 | 1.07, 3.15 |
| p value for trend | 0.51 | 0.56 | |||
*
Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, marital status, smoking history, alcohol use, use of hormone therapy, education, and BMI
†
Espresso + boiled + percolated + French press coffee preparation
‡
Drip + instant coffee preparation