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. 2018 Oct 19;8:15547. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33637-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Time memory and mPer2 rhythms in the DS. (A) Response of Per2 mRNA in the DS (cf. Fig. 4B, DS, Per2) [^bp < 0.05 significant change following conditioning at ZT11; ^*p < 0.05 phase dependent difference between ZT03 and ZT11 ^#p < 0.001 significant change in phase dependent gene expression following conditioning at ZT11]. (B) Scatter plots of samples from individual mice. X- axis: Per2 abundance (OD) relative to (1) GADPH or (2) B2M. Y-axis: Context preference was calculated as total dwell time in unpaired (safe) minus paired (foot shock) contexts. Data shown in B1 are the same as in Panel A. Marker color indicates test time: Red = ZT03, Black = ZT11. Positive values indicate comparative preference for the safe chamber. Group statistical comparison are shown in Panel A. (C) Suggested Per2 phase shifts based on the model presented in Fig. 1. ∆φ = +1.0 hr for conditioning at ZT03, and +9 to +10 hours for conditioning at ZT11. Both are estimated phase shifts required to account for differences in gene expression following conditioning. Eight-hour difference in estimated phases following the shift account for the temporal difference in conditioning times.