Table 1:
Selected baseline characteristics by cancer survivor status in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Studya
| Characteristic | Died of cancer (n=2,884) |
Cancer survivorb (n=l,732) |
p-valuec |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at blood collection (years) | 58 (52–65) | 56 (51–64) | <0.0001 |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 69 (60–78) | 70 (61–79) | 0.003 |
| Height (cm) | 173 (166–182) | 174 (166–182) | 0.17 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.8(21.6–31.1) | 26.0(22.1–31.1) | 0.08 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 140 (120–168) | 140 (120–168) | 0.92 |
| Cigarettes per dayd | 20 (5–80) | 20 (5–60) | 0.01 |
| Years smoked | 38 (28–46) | 36 (26–45) | <0.0001 |
| Physically active, N (% moderate & heavy) | 1,673 (58) | 1,031 (60) | 0.31 |
| History of diabetes, N (% yes) | 103 (3.6) | 58 (3.4) | 0.69 |
| Family history of cancere, N (% yes) | 901 (45) | 561 (41) | 0.05 |
| Stage 3 or4f, N (%) | 996 (67) | 194 (24) | <0.0001 |
| Trial intervention - alpha-tocopherol | 1,431 (50) | 843 (49) | 0.53 |
| Trial intervention - beta-carotene | 1,451 (50) | 864 (50) | 0.78 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 2,554 (1,787–3,620) | 2,595 (1,817–3,646) | 0.11 |
| Dietary vitamin D (ug/day) | 4.7 (2.2–9.3) | 4.6 (2.2–9.1) | 0.37 |
| Dietary calcium (mg/day) | 1,312 (723–2,076) | 1,333 (734–2,101) | 0.35 |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) | 11.4(0–45.7) | 10.7 (0–46.0) | 0.24 |
| Supplemental vitamin D use, N (% yes) | 226 (7.8) | 137 (7.9) | 0.93 |
| Supplemental calcium use, N (% yes) | 367 (12.7) | 191 (11.0) | 0.09 |
| Serum cholesterol (mmol/L) | 6.1 (4.8–7.7) | 6.2 (4.9–7.8) | 0.05 |
| Serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | 34.7(14.4–66.1) | 36.5 (15.6–68.0) | 0.01 |
25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D
Values are medians (10th-90th) or number (%) unless otherwise noted
Cancer survivors are men who were alive at the end of follow-up or, if deceased, whose cause of death was not cancer
p-values based on Wilcoxon rank sum tests (for continuous variables) and chi-square tests (for categorical variables)
The median values are identical because most men report smoking one pack (n=20 cigarettes) per day. Here we show the full range of the distribution
Family history of lung, bladder, prostate, colon, rectum, breast, stomach, pancreas or “other” cancer; available for 72% of men
Stage data available for 49% of overall cases, primarily for prostate (84% of prostate cases), lung (56% of lung cases), colorectal (42% of colorectal cases), gastric (51% of gastric cases), liver (47% of liver cases), and pancreatic cancer (76% of pancreatic cases).