Table 1.

Comparison of genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens

Genotoxic carcinogens	Non-genotoxic carcinogens
Carcinogens that directly interact with DNA	Carcinogens that indirectly affect structures of DNA or gene expression. They promote carcinogenesis through a variety of mechanisms, e.g., cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, hormonal effects or DNA methylation.
Ames test + Structural alert +	Ames test − Structural alert −
Carcinogenic in both rats and mice and carcinogenic in more than one organ	Carcinogenic in single species and single organ in rodents