Table 3.
Examples of carcinogens that are non-mutagenic in vitro but mutagenic in vivo
| Chemical | Use or property | Carcinogenicity | In vitro mutagenicityc | In vivo mutagenicityd |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estragole | Fragrance | Positivea | Negative | Positivee |
| Leucomalachite green | Metabolite of malachite green, antifungal agent for fish | Positivea | Negative | Positivee |
| Dicyclanil | Insect growth regulator | Positivea | Negative | Positivee |
| Ochratoxin A | Mycotoxin | Positiveb | Negative | Positivef |
a
Liver tumors are induced in female mice.
b
Kidney tumors are induced in male and female rats.
c
Bacterial reverse mutation assay.
d
Transgenic gene mutation assay.
e
Gene mutations at the gpt or cII genes were induced in liver of female mice.
f
Deletion mutation was induced in outer medulla of kidney of male rats.