Table 3.
Distribution of risk factors by race according to the TIGAR-O classification
| TIGAR-O factors, N (%) | Black (N=248) | White (N=911) |
|---|---|---|
| Toxic-metabolic | ||
| Alcohol* | 198 (79.8) | 401 (44.0) |
| Tobacco* | 182 (73.4) | 395 (43.4) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 18 (7.3) | 98 (10.8) |
| Hypercalcemia | 1 (0.4) | 8(0.9) |
| Medications | 6 (2.4) | 24 (2.6) |
| Chronic renal failure* | 8(3.2) | 11 (1.2) |
| Toxins* | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Idiopathic* | 37 (14.9) | 345 (37.9) |
| Genetic* | 6 (2.4) | 93 (10.2) |
| Autoimmune | ||
| Autoimmune pancreatitis* | 0 (0.0) | 27 (3.0) |
| Autoimmune-associated diseases |
2 (0.8) | 27 (3.0) |
| RAP and SAP associated CP | 8(3.2) | 55 (6.0) |
| Obstructive* | 25 (10.1) | 189 (20.8) |
| Pancreas divisum* | 12 (4.8) | 93 (10.2) |
| Sphincter of Oddi* | 4 (1.6) | 52 (5.7) |
| Post-trauma stricture | 0 (0.0) | 6 (0.7) |
| Duct obstruction* | 6 (2.4) | 51 (5.6) |
| Others (CV/AA only) | 5 (2.6) | 24 (5.3) |
| Miscellaneous (CV/AS only) | 19 (10.0) | 46 (10.2) |
AA, African-American; AS, NAPS2-AS study (North American Pancreatitis Study 2-Ancillary Study—which enrolled only African-American patients); CP, chronic pancreatitis; CV, NAPS2-CV study (North American Pancreatitis Study 2-Continuation and Validation Study); RAP, recurrent acute pancreatitis; SAP, severe acute pancreatitis; TIGAR-O, toxic-metabolic, idiopathic, genetic, autoimmune, recurrent/severe acute pancreatitis, obstructive.
*
P value <0.05.