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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2018 Apr 23;53:1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.04.012

Figure 2. In-vitro Motor Neuron Generation.

Figure 2

(A) Pluripotent ESCs or iPSCs can be differentiated into MNs in-vitro through multiple protocols. Induced neuronal differentiation relies on the delivery of exogenous signaling molecules such as retinoic acid (RA) and Shh pathway agonists (SAG), mirroring embryonic development. MNs can also be differentiated by the forced expression of terminal MN TFs for direct neural programming. (B) RNA sequencing experiments have recently revealed that differentiation via direct neural programming (red circles) versus induced neuronal differentiation (blue circles) can take distinct transcription paths; however, their terminal gene expression patterns are largely convergent.