Table 1. Reported cases of spontaneous whole-lung torsion since 1988.

Reference	Age/gender	Presenting symptom	Torsion	Management	Outcome	Presumed related etiology
(4)	79/F	Left leg edema, pain	120° R lung	Mini thoracotomy to remove pleural effusion, bronchoscopy, fibrin glue to chest wall	Survived	Pneumonia
(5)	72/M	Dyspnea	180° L lung	Thoracotomy, pneumonectomy	Survived	Lung adenocarcinoma
(6)	51/F	Not reported	180° R lung	Thoracotomy, three-point fixation of lung to chest wall	Survived	Pneumonia
(7)	82/M	Dyspnea	180° R lung	Thoracotomy, R upper lobectomy	Survived	Lung adenocarcinoma
Our case	79/F	Dyspnea	180° R lung	Thoracotomy, R upper lobectomy	Survived	Pneumonia