Table 3.
Strategies for gene therapy of glioblastoma.
| Viral vector mediated insertion of drug sensitivity genes |
| Direct intratumoral injection of genetically modified neurotrophic viruses |
| Insertion of drug sensitivity genes |
| Suicide gene therapy: HSV thymidine kinase |
| Use of E. coli gpt gene to sensitize glioma cells to prodrug 6-thioxanthine |
| Use of viral vectors containing radiation inducible promoters |
| Regulated toxin gene therapy |
| Baculovirus as diphtheria toxin gene vector |
| Transfer of apoptosis inducible FADD/MORTI gene |
| Gene transfer into brain tumors by using targeted adenoviral (Ad) vectors |
| Single chain antibody combined with Ad vector and targeted to EGFR receptor |
| Gene transfer into brain surrounding tumors by using targeted adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors |
| Transduction of normal cells in the brain with an AAV vector encoding interferon-β (IFN-β) |
| Selective oncolysis by genetically engineered microorganisms: bacteria and viruses |
| Immunogene therapy |
| Cell-based gene therapy |
| Mesenchymal stem cells engineered to produce therapeutic molecules |
| Neural stem cells engineered to produce therapeutic molecules |
| Grafting of stem cells producing therapeutic molecules such as IL-4 gene |
| Growth factor manipulation |
| Apoptosis induced by introduction of gene for nerve growth factor receptor TrkA |
| Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor associated tyrosine kinase receptor |
| Antiangiogenesis approaches directed against tumor blood vessels |
| Oncogene antagonism: anti MYC oncogene MAD therapy |
| Insertion of tumor suppressor genes |
| Transfer of wild type p53 or p27 |
| Retinoblastoma gene transfer |
| Antisense therapy |
| Blocking of action of transforming growth factor β2 by triplex forming oligonucleotides |
| Episome-based antisense cDNA transcription of insulin like growth factor 1 |
| Antisense vascular endothelial growth factor. |
| Oligodenucleotides targeted to tumor necrosis factor |
| RNA interference (RNAi)-based approaches |
| siRNA directed against EGFR and its variants |
| siRNA directed against PI3K/Akt signaling pathways |
| Telomerase inhibition by RNAi |