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. 2018 Oct 15;9:2414. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02414

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Copyright © 2018 Kim, Hong, Choi, Yu, Kim, Hyeon, Cho, Choi and Yun.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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mRNA expression of cytokine levels from PBMCs in HDM-sensitized Nc/Nga mice treated with Duolac ATP. Nc/Nga mice (n = 6 per group) were sensitized by exposing them to HDM extracts six times over 3 weeks. They were then subjected to oral administration with Duolac ATP. PBMCs were collected at week 4, and RNA was extracted for cDNA synthesis. qPCR was performed to examine the mRNA expression of (A) IL-4, (B) IL-5, (C) IL-17, (D) IL-2, (E) IFN-γ, (F) IL-10, and (G) TGF-β. Relative fold changes of target genes were compared with that of the housekeeping gene, GAPDH. ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01, ^∗∗∗P < 0.001 using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Bars indicate mean ± SEM.