Table 1.
Baseline study characteristics among selected sample (≥45 y, NHANES III, phase 1 [1988–1991] alone and combined with NHANES 1999–2000: [pooled sample]) by H. pylori seropositivity status
| Pooled sample | NHANES III, phase 1 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample (N = 5927) |
H. pylori IgG− (N = 2707)* |
H. pylori IgG+ (N = 3220)* |
Total sample (N = 3684) | H. pylori IgG (N = 1579) |
H. pylori IgG+ (N = 2105) | |||
| Unweighted N | Mean/% (SE) | Mean/% (SE) | Mean/% (SE) | P† | Mean/% (SE) | Mean/% (SE) | Mean/% (SE) | P† |
| Weighted % | 58.4 (1.0) | 41.5 (1.0) | 54.5 (1.7) | 45.5 (1.7) | ||||
| Study characteristic, weighted means/% | ||||||||
| Sex, % | .59 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Men | 45.8 (0.7) | 46.2 (1.0) | 45.3 (1.2) | 45.7 (1.2) | 45.7 (1.4) | 45.7 (1.8) | ||
| Women | 54.2 (0.7) | 53.7 (1.0) | 54.7 (1.2) | 54.3 (1.2) | 54.3 (1.4) | 54.3 (1.8) | ||
| Age, y, mean | 60.8 (0.3) | 59.3 (0.2) | 62.8 (0.4) | <.001 | 61.2 (0.4) | 59.4 (0.4) | 63.5 (0.6) | <.001 |
| Race | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||
| NH white | 80.9* (1.6) | 88.5 (1.1) | 70.2 (2.6) | 84.1 (2.0) | 90.0 (1.1) | 77.1 (3.1) | ||
| NH black | 8.6 (1.0) | 5.6 (0.7) | 12.9 (1.6) | 8.4 (1.1) | 5.9 (0.8) | 11.5 (1.6) | ||
| MA | 3.4 (0.5) | 1.7 (0.3) | 5.9 (0.9) | 2.9 (0.4) | 15.2 (0.3) | 4.5 (0.6) | ||
| Other | 7.0 (1.4) | 4.2 (1.0) | 11.0 (2.0) | 4.5 (1.0) | 2.6 (0.6) | 6.9 (1.8) | ||
| Education | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||
| <HS | 18.5* (1.0) | 11.7 (1.1) | 28.1 (1.2) | 11.1 (1.1) | 5.8 (0.9) | 17.4 (1.5) | ||
| HS | 42.5 (1.6) | 40.0 (2.0) | 46.1 (1.4) | 55.8 (2.0) | 52.7 (2.6) | 59.5 (1.5) | ||
| >HS | 38.5 (1.7) | 47.9 (2.3) | 25.3 (1.0) | 32.5 (2.2) | 40.8 (2.8) | 22.6 (1.5) | ||
| Missing | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.2) | ||
| Poverty income ratio, % | <.001 | |||||||
| <100% | 10.5 (0.8) | 7.4 (0.7) | 14.8 (1.1) | 9.2 (0.9) | 6.4 (0.9) | 12.6 (1.2) | <.001 | |
| >100%-<200% | 18.6 (1.5) | 16.1 (1.5) | 22.2 (1.6) | 19.0 (1.4) | 15.5 (1.6) | 23.1 (1.7) | ||
| >200% | 60.4 (1.5) | 67.0 (1.7) | 51.0 (1.5) | 62.6 (1.8) | 70.4 (2.0) | 53.3 (2.2) | ||
| Missing | 10.6 (0.8) | 9.5 (0.8) | 12.0 (1.1) | 9.2 (0.7) | 7.7 (0.6) | 10.9 (1.1) | ||
| Current smoking status, % | .032 | .25 | ||||||
| No | 58.3* (1.3) | 57.9 (1.7) | 58.7 (1.6) | 76.4 (1.2) | 77.6 (1.6) | 74.9 (1.7) | ||
| Yes | 21.4 (1.1) | 20.0 (1.4) | 23.6 (1.3) | 23.3 (1.2) | 22.2 (1.6) | 24.7 (1.7) | ||
| Missing | 20.3 (1.0) | 22.2 (1.5) | 17.7 (1.4) | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.5 (0.2) | ||
| Weight status, BMI (kg.m−2), % | .51 | .031 | ||||||
| <18.5 | 1.6* (0.2) | 1.7 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.2) | 2.0 (0.2) | 2.0 (0.4) | 1.9 (0.4) | ||
| 18.5–24.9 | 33.9 (1.2) | 34.0 (1.7) | 33.9 (1.1) | 37.3 (1.3) | 38.3 (2.0) | 36.0 (1.1) | ||
| 25–29.9 | 35.7 (1.0) | 36.5 (1.0) | 34.5 (1.4) | 36.6 (1.3) | 38.3 (2.4) | 34.6 (1.4) | ||
| >30 | 28.1 (1.2) | 27.1 (1.5) | 29.6 (1.4) | 23.9 (1.0) | 21.1 (1.1) | 27.3 (1.5) | ||
| Missing | 0.6 (0.1) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.1) | ||
| Hypertension, % | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||
| No | 46.1* (1.1) | 50.6 (1.4) | 39.5 (1.2) | 46.4 (1.8) | 51.6 (2.5) | 40.1 (2.0) | ||
| Yes | 52.9 (1.0) | 48.2 (1.4) | 59.5 (1.0) | 53.6 (1.8) | 48.3 (2.5) | 59.9 (2.0) | ||
| Missing | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.4) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | ||
| Hyperglycemia, % | .007 | <.001 | ||||||
| No | 63.3* (1.3) | 63.9 (1.4) | 62.5 (2.0) | 84.5 (1.1) | 87.3 (1.2) | 81.1 (1.5) | ||
| Yes | 13.0 (0.6) | 11.1 (0.8) | 15.6 (1.0) | 14.5 (1.0) | 11.9 (1.2) | 17.6 (1.3) | ||
| Missing | 23.7 (1.4) | 25.0 (1.3) | 21.9 (2.1) | 1.0 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.7) | ||
| Dyslipidemia-HDL, % | .002 | .07 | ||||||
| No | 63.0 (1.1) | 65.2 (1.4) | 59.7 (1.0) | 63.3 (1.2) | 65.6 (1.7) | 60.5 (1.3) | ||
| Yes | 36.4 (1.1) | 34.0 (1.4) | 39.7 (1.1) | 36.1 (1.3) | 33.9 (1.6) | 38.8 (1.5) | ||
| Missing | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.3) | 0.7 (2.8) | ||
| Dyslipidemia-TA | .033 | .027 | ||||||
| No | 46.2* (1.2) | 46.4 (1.2) | 45.9 (1.7) | 60.7 (1.1) | 62.9 (1.3) | 58.1 (1.3) | ||
| Yes | 30.5 (1.0) | 28.7 (1.1) | 33.0 (1.4) | 38.9 (1.1) | 36.7 (1.3) | 41.5 (1.3) | ||
| Missing | 23.3 (1.4) | 24.9 (1.3) | 21.2 (2.0) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.3) | 3.6 (0.2) | ||
| Incident AD, % | 9.3* (0.5) | 7.9 (0.4) | 11.3 (1.1) | .003 | 11.4 (0.8) | 9.6 (0.7) | 13.6 (1.2) | <.001 |
| Incident all-cause dementia, % | 18.1* (0.7) | 15.8 (0.6) | 21.3 (1.3) | <.001 | 21.4 (1.1) | 18.2 (1.1) | 25.2 (1.4) | <.001 |
| AD deaths, % | 1.1 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) | 1.7 (0.4) | .05 | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.4) | 2.1 (0.6) | .12 |
| Non-AD deaths, % | 38.9* (1.0) | 33.9 (1.0) | 46.0 (1.7) | <.001 | 51.0 (1.5) | 45.2 (2.0) | 58.0 (1.6) | <.001 |
| Deaths, % | 40.1* (1.0) | 34.6 (1.1) | 47.7 (1.9) | <.001 | 52.5 (1.5) | 46.2 (1.9) | 60.1 (2.1) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’ disease; BMI, body mass index; H. pylori, Helicobacter pylori; HS, high school; N, unweighted sample size; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys; MA, Mexican-American; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; TA, triacylglycerol; IgG, Immunoglobulin G.
NOTE. Bold text indicates P<.05. Bold and italic text indicates P<.10.
P<.05 for null hypothesis of no difference in means or proportions by wave of NHANES data (NHANES III, phase 1 vs. NHANES 1999–00).
P values are two-sided and associated with design-based F-test. All percentages and SE were obtained using svy commands in Stata, to account for survey design complexity, including strata, primary sampling units, and sampling weights (combined for both in the case of the pooled sample or specific weight for NHANES III, phase 1).