Table 3.
H. pylori seropositivity’s association with mortality from Alzheimer’s disease in multiple Cox proportional hazards regression models, overall and stratified by sex, race, age, income, and education groups (pooled sample): NHANES III, phase 1 (1988–1991) combined with NHANES 1999–2000
| Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 3‡ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| Overall (N = 5886) | 1.71 (0.94–3.11) | .08 | 1.60(0.87–2.95) | .13 | 1.56(0.83–2.95) | .17 |
| By gender | ||||||
| Men (N = 2940) | 4.26 (1.69–10.79) | .002§ | 4.08 (1.40–11.88) | .010§ | 4.33 (1.51–12.41) | .006§ |
| Women (N = 2946) | 1.07 (0.48–2.39) | .86 | 0.95 (0.42–2.12) | .90 | 0.89 (0.39–2.05) | .79 |
| By race/ethnicity | ||||||
| NH white (N = 3164) | 2.05 (1.11–3.80) | .022 | 1.89 (1.00–3.57) | .05 | 1.93 (1.01–3.70) | .047 |
| NH black (N = 1167) | 0.26 (0.06–1.11) | .071‖ | 0.24 (0.07–0.86) | .028‖ | 0.30 (0.11–0.83) | .020‖ |
| MA (N = 1286) | 0.44 (0.10–2.06) | .30 | 0.42(0.10–1.79) | .24 | 0.30 (0.08–1.08) | .07 |
| By age group | ||||||
| ≤65 y (N = 3216) | 1.24 (0.21–7.23) | .81 | 0.66 (0.18–2.45) | .54 | 0.57(0.20–1.69) | .32 |
| >65 y (N = 2670) | 1.81 (0.97–3.37) | .06 | 1.85 (0.96–3.55) | .06 | 1.81 (0.93–3.54) | .08 |
| By poverty income ratio | ||||||
| <100% (N = 934) | 0.64 (0.14–2.85) | .56 | 0.48 (0.14–1.66) | .25 | 1.04(0.26–4.81) | .96 |
| 100%−200% (N = 1455) | 0.89 (0.27–2.90) | .85 | 0.89 (0.27–2.97) | .85 | 1.13 (0.33–3.88) | .85 |
| >200% (N = 2714) | 2.29 (0.98–5.36) | .06 | 2.46 (0.97–6.25) | .06 | 2.47 (0.94–6.54) | .07 |
| By education | ||||||
| <HS (N = 1861) | 2.62 (0.70–9.82) | .15 | 2.39 (0.47–12.3) | .30 | 2.23 (0.37–13.48) | .38 |
| HS (N = 2393) | 1.00 (0.45–2.23) | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.47–2.28) | .94 | 0.93 (0.40–2.15) | .87 |
| >HS (N = 1599) | 2.04 (0.57–7.30) | .27 | 2.03 (0.54–7.67) | .29 | 1.91 (0.44–8.26) | .39 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; H. pylori (Hp), Helicobacter pylori; HR, hazard ratio; HS, high school; N, unweighted sample; NH, non-Hispanic; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys; MA, Mexican-American.
NOTE. Bold text indicates P<.05. Bold and italic text indicates P<.10.
Cox proportional hazards models with time of follow-up expressed in months since MEC examination. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, race, and wave. All models including sampling weights that are specific to NHANES III, phase 1 or combined for the pooled sample. Sample sizes shown are unweighted.
Model 2 is model 1 further adjusted for education and poverty income ratio.
Model 3 is model 2 further adjusted for smoking, weight-status, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.
P<.05 for interaction term Hp × sex in separate model with Hp and sex retained as main effects.
P<.05 for interaction term Hp × race in separate model with Hp and race retained as main effects.