Table 3.

Effect of staying in school until age 16 on clinical cutoffs

	Clinical cutoffs
	Obesity: BMI ≥ 30	COPD: FEV1/FVC ≤ 0.7	Hypertension
			Stages 1 and 2: Diastolic ≥ 80 or systolic ≥ 130	Stage 2: Diastolic ≥ 90 or systolic ≥ 140
BMI PGS × Edu16	−0.024* (0.013)	0.004 (0.013)	0.028* (0.017)	0.014 (0.017)
Edu16	−0.055 (0.042)	−0.056 (0.038)	0.060 (0.047)	0.036 (0.049)
BMI PGS	0.136*** (0.012)	−0.009 (0.012)	0.010 (0.015)	0.017 (0.016)
P value for H0: no effect of education	0.009	0.262	0.005	0.240
Observations	252,926	203,048	253,377	253,377
Dep. Var. mean among compliers	0.315	0.144	0.717	0.422

The 2SLS estimates are shown. Edu16 is an indicator for staying in school until age 16 and is instrumented by an indicator for being born after September 1, 1957. The P value for H₀: no effect of education is the P value from a joint test that β₁ = β₂ = 0. The last row shows means of the dependent variable (Dep. Var.) among prereform compliers, defined as individuals born before September 1, 1957, who dropped out before age 16. ***P < 0.01, **P < 0.05, *P < 0.1.