Mutation of DOGL4 or ROS1 increases seed dormancy and ABA sensitivity. (A) Expression analysis of DOGL4 in various tissues or organs of Col wild-type plants. (B and C) Seed dormancy of wild-type, dogl4, and ros1 mutants. Freshly harvested seeds of Col wild-type, dogl4-1, and ros1-4 (B) or C24 wild-type, dogl4-2, and ros1-1 (C) were sown on water-soaked filter paper for 3 d, and then seed germination based on radicle emergence was scored and compared. (D and E) Germination of mature seeds in response to different concentrations of ABA. Seeds of Col, dogl4-1, and ros1-4 (D) or C24 wild-type, dogl4-2, and ros1-1 (E) were exposed to 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1, or 2 µM ABA for 2 d, and then seed germination rate was calculated and compared. (F and G) Green cotyledon formation of Col, dogl4-1, and ros1-4 in response to ABA. Seeds were grown on an agar plate containing 0, 0.2, 0.5, or 1 µM ABA for 9 d, and then the rate of green cotyledon formation was calculated and compared. Data shown are means ± SD of three biological replicates. Means with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05, Tukey test).