Table 1.
Characteristics of the 8 included studies
| Author | Type of study/ country | No. of subjects | Age (years) (SD) | Men (%) | Ischemic stroke cases (%) | AKI definition | CKD excluded? | NOS score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covic et al., 2008 [19] | Observational, retrospective, Romania | 1090 | 66.1 ± 11.5 | 49.3 | 932 (85.5%) | Creatinine values; RIFLE | No | 7 (3, 2, 2) |
| Khatri et al., 2014 [20] | Observational, retrospective, United States | 1357 | 64 ± 16 | 56.0 | 528 (38.9%) | Creatinine values; AKIN | GFR < 15 ml/min excluded | 6 (2, 2, 2) |
| Lin et al., 2011 [21] | Observational, prospective, China | 2683 | 66.1 ± 13.59 (AF), 63.58 ± 13.64 (no AF) | 58.4 | 2683 (100%) | ICD-10 coding | No | 7 (3, 2, 2) |
| Mohamed et al., 2015 [22] | Observational, retrospective, United States | 897 | 64.4 ± 14.7 | 44.0 | 897 (100%) | ICD-9 coding | No | 7 (3, 2, 2) |
| Saeed et al., 2014 [23] | Observational, retrospective, United States (Nationwide Inpatient Sample data) | 7,068,334 | No AKI 71 ± 31, AKI 74 ± 28 | 46.1 | 7,068,334 (100%) | ICD-9 coding | Yes | 7 (3, 2, 2) |
| Saeed et al., 2015 [24] | Observational, retrospective, United States (Nationwide Inpatient Sample data) | 614,454 | No AKI 69 ± 37, AKI 68 ± 34 | 52.2 | 0 (0%) (all cases were hemorrhagic stroke) | ICD-9 coding | Yes | 7 (3, 2, 2) |
| Tsagalis et al., 2008 [25] | Observational, prospective, Greece | 2155 | 70.3 ± 11.9 | 61.2 | 1832 (85%) | Creatinine values; AKIN | No | 8 (4, 2, 2) |
| Nadkarni et al., 2015 [26] | Observational, retrospective, United States (Nationwide Inpatient Sample data) | 4,634,682 | AIS No AKI 73 ± 0.2, AKI 66 ± 0.3 ICH No AKI 69.7 ± 0.13, AKI 65.4 ± 0.21 |
AIS 50.0 ICH 60.0 |
3,937,928 (85%) | ICD-9 coding AKI-D only |
No | 7 (3, 2, 2) |
Abbreviations: AIS, acute ischemic stroke; AKI, acute kidney injury; AKI-D, acute kidney injury requiring dialysis; AKIN, Acute Kidney Injury Network; CKD, chronic kidney disease; GFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ICD-9/ 10, International Classification of Diseases, 9th/ 10th Revision; ICH, intracranial hemorrhage; mls/min, milliliters per minute; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; RIFLE, Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage Renal Disease