. 2017 Oct 31;22(1):45–69. doi: 10.1177/1088767917736797

Table 2.

Sociodemographic Characteristics of European Lone Actors Versus European Homicide Offenders.

Sociodemographic characteristics	All perpetrators					Single perpetrators
	Lone Actors n = 98		Homicide offenders n = 300		Significant	Lone Actors n = 66		Homicide offenders n = 249		Significant
	n	%	n	%	Significant	n	%	n	%	Significant
Gender^a
Male	94	96	271	90	—	222	89	222	89	—
Female	4	4	29	10		27	11	27	11
Age^b
M	30.3 (±9.7)		36.0 (±13.1)		^***	31.1 (±10.4)		37.2 (±13.4)		^***
Age category^a
<25	33	34	61	20	^***	21	32	47	19	^**
25-39	49	50	131	44		32	48	104	42
>40	16	16	108	36		13	20	98	39
Constellation
Acting alone	66	67	249	83	^***	—		—		—
Part of dyad	12	12	37	12		—		—
Part of triad	20	21	13	5		—		—
Ideology
Ethnonationalist and separatist	2	2	—	—	—	2	3	—		—
Left wing and anarchist	3	3	—	—		3	5	—
Other	18	18	—	—		18	27	—
Religiously inspired	39	40	—	—		24	36	—
Right wing	30	31	—	—		14	21	—
Single issue	6	6	—	—		5	8	—
Type of homicide
Domestic homicide	—	—	111	37		—	—	107	43	—
Nondomestic homicide	—	—	165	55		—	—	123	49
Unknown	—	—	24	8		—	—	19	8
Marital status^a
Not in a relationship	35	64	86	51	ns	33	77	71	49	^***
In a relationship	20	36	83	49		10	23	75	51
Missing	43		131			23		103
Employment status^a
Unemployed	39	51	109	63	ns	30	56	90	60	ns
Employed	38	49	65	37		24	44	59	40
Missing	21		126			12		100
Education level^a
Primary	0	0	27	25	^***	0	0	25	26	^***
Secondary	36	66	75	67		26	63	64	66
Higher	19	34	9	8		15	37	8	8
Missing	43		189			25		152

Note. Percentages are based on known observations only. ns = nonsignificant; — = no significance tests because of cell count less than 5.

Chi-square.

The t test.

p ≤ .05. p ≤ .01. ***p ≤ .001 (two-tailed).