Table 2.
Levels of aerobic fitness, anthropometry, diet, and physical activity among 139 premenopausal women at elevated breast cancer risk, before and after a 5-month exercise intervention
| Variables | Baseline | Follow-up | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Low dose | High dose | p valuea | Control | Low dose | High dose | p valuea | |||||||
| N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean(SD) | N | Mean(SD) | N | Mean(SD) | N | Mean(SD) | N | Mean (SD) | |||
| Aerobic fitness | ||||||||||||||
| Treadmill test duration (s) | 46 | 483 (98.5) | 45 | 476 (93.3) | 48 | 498 (114) | 0.58 | 45 | 473 (109) | 38 | 540 (95.2) | 39 | 586 (110) | <0.001 |
| Menstrual cycle lengthd | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 46 | 29.1 (4.4) | 43 | 29.1 (5.6) | 48 | 30.1 (4.4) | 0.54 | 45 | 28.4 (3.1) | 37 | 28.4 (5.6) | 38 | 29.5 (4.3) | 0.46 |
| Follicular | 46 | 18.8 (5.1) | 39 | 18.0 (6.3) | 48 | 18.8 (4.9) | 0.73 | 40 | 17.5 (4.2) | 32 | 17.2 (4.2) | 35 | 17.9 (3.7) | 0.79 |
| Luteal | 46 | 10.2 (2.3) | 39 | 10.6 (2.1) | 48 | 10.8 (1.8) | 0.38 | 40 | 10.5 (2.9) | 32 | 11.1 (2.6) | 35 | 11.5 (3.0) | 0.30 |
| Anthropometry | ||||||||||||||
| Weight (kg) | 46 | 73.8 (16.2) | 45 | 74.0 (17.3) | 48 | 73.0 (18.0) | 0.96 | 45 | 74.1 (17.1) | 38 | 71.7 (17.7) | 39 | 68.3 (15.7) | 0.30 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 46 | 26.8 (6.2) | 45 | 26.9 (6.0) | 48 | 26.7 (6.5) | 0.99 | 45 | 26.9 (6.5) | 38 | 26.1 (6.2) | 39 | 25.1 (5.9) | 0.38 |
| % body fat | 46 | 38.9 (7.0) | 45 | 39.8 (6.1) | 48 | 38.2 (7.1) | 0.52 | 45 | 39.1 (7.1) | 37 | 38.0 (6.7) | 39 | 35.7 (7.8) | 0.10 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 46 | 28.9 (11.3) | 45 | 29.6 (11.1) | 48 | 28.2 (11.9) | 0.83 | 45 | 29.5 (12.1) | 38 | 27.7 (11.7) | 39 | 24.7 (11.0) | 0.18 |
| Lean mass (kg) | 46 | 45.3 (5.8) | 45 | 44.9 (7.0) | 48 | 45.2 (7.2) | 0.95 | 45 | 45.7 (6.4) | 38 | 44.5 (6.8) | 39 | 44.1 (6.2) | 0.50 |
| Diet and physical activity | ||||||||||||||
| Energy intake (Kcals/day) | 44 | 1840 (554) | 42 | 1804 (556) | 46 | 1867 (500) | 0.86 | 44 | 1821 (445) | 38 | 1800 (5426) | 39 | 1829 (429) | 0.93 |
| Alcohol intake (drinks/day)b | 44 | 43 | 46 | 44 | 38 | 37 | ||||||||
| 0 | 16 (36) | 15 (35) | 17 (37) | 11 (25) | 11 (29) | 13 (35) | ||||||||
| 1 | 24 (55) | 22 (51) | 24 (52) | 0.9755 | 30 (68) | 21 (55) | 21 (57) | 0.5543 | ||||||
| >1 | 4 (9) | 6 (14) | 5 (11) | 3 (7) | 6 (16) | 3 (8) | ||||||||
| Physical activity (MET-h/week)c | 46 | 5.57 (3.33) | 45 | 4.82 (4.14) | 48 | 4.44 (3.08) | 0.65 | 45 | 1.10 (0.98) | 38 | 7.82 (1.88) | 39 | 7.98 (3.00) | <0.001 |
p value for test of group differences separately at baseline and follow-up using analysis of variance (df = 2) for all variables except alcohol intake which is the Fisher’s exact p value
Values reported as N (%)
Values reported are geometric means at baseline and follow-up are for log transformed physical activity levels to improve normality of distribution. Standard deviations for the untransformed version were approximated from SD of the log transformed version using the delta method
Sample sizes for menstrual cycle length vary because it was not possible to calculate follicular and luteal phase lengths if the cycle was anovulatory