Table 1.
Treatment outcomes of SBRT for CCA
| Author | Design | Location | Lesion no |
Fraction no |
Total dose (Gy) | 1-year local control (%) |
Median survival (months) |
Toxicity* |
| Kopek et al 14 | R | PH-CCA IH-CCA |
26 1 |
3 | 45 | 84 | 10.6 | 6 ulceration 3 stenosis |
| Tse et al 15 | P | IH-CCA | 10 | 6 | 28–48 | 65 | 15 | 2 liver enzymes 1 bowel obstruction |
| Polistina et al 16 | R | PH-CCA | 10 | 3 | 30 | 80† | 35.5 | 1 ulceration 2 stenosis |
| Barney et al 17 | R | IH-CCA PH-CCA EH-CCA |
6 3 1 |
3–5 | 45–60 | 100 | 15.5 | 1 biliary stenosis 2 liver failure |
| Momm et al 18 | R | PH-CCA | 13 | 8–16 | 32–56 | N.R. | 33.5 | 1 nausea 5 cholangitis |
| Jung et al 19 | R | IH-CCA EH-CCA |
33 25 |
1–5 | 15–60 | 85 | 10 | 2 ulceration 2 cholangitis 1 biliary stenosis 1 gastric perforation |
| Mahadevan et al 13 | R | IH-CCA PH-CCA |
31 11 |
1–5 | 10–45 | 88 | 17 | 2 duodenal ulceration 1 cholangitis 1 liver abscess |
| Tao et al 20 | R | IH-CCA | 79 | 15–30 | 50.4–75 | 81 | 30 | 3 cholangitis 2 gastric bleeding 7 biliary stenosis |
| Sandler et al 21 | R | IH-CCA EH-CCA |
6 25 |
5 | 40 | 78 | 15.7 | 2 duodenal obstruction 3 duodenal ulceration |
*Early and late toxicity, grade 3 or more.
†At 6 months.
EH-CCA, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; IH-CCA, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; N.R., not reported; P, prospective; PH-CCA, perihilar cholangiocarcinoma; R, retrospective; SBRT, stereotactic body radiation therapy.