Table 2.
Characteristics of U.S. adults with diabetes not taking antihypertensive medication by recommendation for initiation of antihypertensive medication according to the ACC/AHA BP guideline and the ADA diabetes and hypertension position statement
| Recommended antihypertensive medication initiation by: |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Neither ACC/AHA BP guideline or ADA position statement† (n = 510) | ACC/AHA BP guideline but not ADA position statement†† (n = 231) | ACC/AHA BP guideline and ADA position statement††† (n = 213) | |
| Age, years | 53.6 (51.9, 55.3) | 53.8 (50.9, 56.8) | 59.2 (57.3, 61.1) |
| Male, % | 53.2 (48.6, 57.8) | 60.2 (53.1, 66.9) | 61.1 (50.2, 71.0) |
| Race/ethnicity, % | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 51.1 (43.1, 59.1) | 58.7 (48.4, 68.3) | 58.1 (47.6, 67.9) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 12.0 (8.6, 16.4) | 12.8 (8.3, 19.3) | 15.6 (10.5, 22.5) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 8.6 (6.4, 11.4) | 7.0 (4.6, 10.6) | 8.9 (5.7, 13.7) |
| Hispanic | 22.7 (17.4, 29.1) | 21.0 (14.2, 29.9) | 16.2 (11.0, 23.3) |
| Less than HS education, % | 26.0 (21.3, 31.4) | 21.8 (15.7, 29.4) | 25.5 (19.0, 33.4) |
| Current smoking, % | 20.8 (17.4, 24.7) | 18.8 (13.0, 26.4) | 18.3 (12.5, 26.0) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32.4 (31.5, 33.2) | 32.4 (30.9, 33.9) | 33.0 (31.1, 35.0) |
| SBP, mmHg | 115.8 (114.7, 116.9) | 130.6 (129.4, 131.8) | 151.4 (148.1, 154.7) |
| DBP, mmHg | 67.0 (66.0, 67.9) | 75.8 (73.9, 77.6) | 78.3 (75.8, 80.8) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 186 (180, 192) | 200.6 (193.0, 208.3) | 194.1 (185.8, 202.3) |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 45.6 (43.7, 47.5) | 46.6 (44.2, 48.9) | 45.2 (42.4, 47.9) |
| eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, % | 8.6 (6.6, 11.1) | 8.0 (4.5, 13.7) | 18.0 (11.0, 27.9) |
| ACR >30 mg/g, % | 11.8 (8.9, 15.4) | 27.4 (19.3, 37.2) | 40.5 (30.9, 50.9) |
| Chronic kidney disease, % | 18.4 (14.7, 22.8) | 32.6 (23.3, 43.6) | 48.8 (41.1, 56.5) |
| Mean 10-year CVD risk,‡ % | 10.7 (9.4, 12.0) | 14.6 (11.5, 17.6) | 23.2 (19.5, 27.0) |
| 10-year ASCVD risk ≥10%, % | 44.1 (38.2, 50.2) | 52.3 (42.2, 62.2) | 76.4 (67.3, 83.6) |
| History of CVD, % | 15.2 (11.1, 20.5) | 13.1 (8.4, 19.9) | 13.1 (8.2, 20.2) |
| High CVD risk,* % | 49.1 (43.0, 55.2) | 56.9 (47.0, 66.2) | 77.7 (69.1, 84.4) |
| Mean 30-year ASCVD risk,‡‡ % | 28.4 (25.5, 31.3) | 36.6 (32.2, 41.0) | 50.0 (44.5, 55.4) |
Data are prevalence or mean (95% CI). ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; HS, high school.
†The group not recommended to initiate antihypertensive medication according to either the ACC/AHA guideline or the ADA position statement had SBP <130 mmHg and DBP <80 mmHg.
††The group recommended to initiate antihypertensive medication according to the ACC/AHA guideline but not the ADA position statement had SBP 130–139 mmHg with DBP <90 mmHg or DBP 80–89 mmHg with SBP <140 mmHg.
†††The group recommended to initiate antihypertensive medication according to both the ACC/AHA guideline and the ADA position statement had SBP ≥140 mmHg or DBP ≥90 mmHg.
‡Mean 10-year ASCVD risk was calculated among participants without a history of CVD.
*High CVD risk was defined as a history of CVD or a 10-year predicted ASCVD risk ≥10%.
‡‡Mean 30-year ASCVD risk was calculated among participants 20–59 years of age without a history of CVD.