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. 2018 Oct 18;8(10):e022205. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022205

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Study flow chart. BOOST, Better Outcomes for Older people with Spinal Trouble; NHS, National Health Service; OPAL, Oxford Pain, Activity and Lifestyle; RCT, randomised controlled trial.