Table 2.

Relative risk (RR) of recovery from spinal pain and activity limiting spinal pain in adult offspring associated with parental spinal pain

Parental spinal pain	Offspring spinal pain				Offspring activity limiting spinal pain
	No of persons	No of cases	Crude RR	Adjusted RR* (95% CI)	No of persons	No of cases	Crude RR	Adjusted RR* (95% CI)
None	346	138	1.00	1.00 (ref.)	163	66	1.00	1.00 (ref.)
Mother	424	147	0.88	0.90 (0.75 to 1.07)	214	62	0.73	0.74 (0.56 to 0.98)
Father	272	97	0.90	0.91 (0.74 to 1.12)	127	40	0.77	0.78 (0.57 to 1.05)
Both	487	158	0.82	0.83 (0.69 to 0.99)	271	76	0.69	0.71 (0.54 to 0.94)

*Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, leisure time physical activity, education and HADS score.

BMI, body mass index; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.