Table 2.
Summary of findings of studies assessing siblings on objectively measured physical activity outcomes (n=19)*
| Studies | Physical activity outcomes | |||
| SB | LPA | MVPA | CPM | |
| Cross sectional | ||||
| Bagley et al,57 2006 | – | – | Favours siblings | – |
| Byun et al,53 2011 | NS | – | – | – |
| Gomes et al,42 2014 | Favours siblings | – | – | – |
| Gomes et al,41 2017 | Favours siblings | – | Favours siblings | – |
| Hesketh et al,46 2006 | M-NS/F-Favours siblings | Does not favour siblings | M-NS/F-Favours siblings | – |
| Hinkley et al,52 2012 | – | M-NS/F-Favours siblings | M-NS/F-Favours siblings | – |
| Hnatiuk et al,43 2016 | NS | – | NS | – |
| McMinn et al,44 2011 | – | – | – | Favours siblings |
| McMinn, 2012 | – | – | Favours siblings | – |
| Mitchell et al,40 2016 | – | – | M-favours siblings/F-NS | – |
| Pearce et al,54 2014 | – | – | M-NS/F-Favours siblings | – |
| Pouliou et al,48 2015 | – | – | NS | NS |
| Tandon et al,51 2014 | Mixed results | – | Favours siblings | – |
| Van Sluijs et al,47 2013 | – | NS | Favours only older siblings | – |
| Wang et al,2015 | – | – | NS | – |
| Wijtzes et al,50 2013 | Favours only 2+ | – | Favours only 2+ | Favours only 2+ |
| Longitudinal | ||||
| Atkin et al,49 2013 | Favours siblings | – | – | – |
| Crawford et al,55 2010 | – | – | M-NS/F-favours siblings | – |
| Intervention | ||||
| Verloigne et al,56 2012 | Does not favour siblings | NS | NS | – |
*NS=no significant difference between children with siblings and only children; Favours siblings = results found favoured the presence of siblings (ie, increased LPA or MVPA or CPM or decreased SB); Does not favour siblings = results found did not favour the presence of siblings (ie, decreased LPA or MVPA or CPM or increased SB); M-NS/F-favours siblings = NS result for boy’s physical activity outcomes, Favours siblings for girl’s physical activity outcomes; M-favours siblings/F-NS =favours sibling result for boy’s physical activity outcomes, NS result for girl’s physical activity outcomes; Mixed results = results that favoured siblings (less SB) and results that did not favour siblings (more SB) were found, Favours only older siblings = results indicated that only older siblings improved physical activity outcomes; Favours only 2+ = results indicated that having greater than two siblings improved physical activity outcomes.
CPM, counts per minute; LPA, light physical activity; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; SB, sedentary behaviour; SED, sedentary behaviour.