Table 1.
Distribution of sociodemographic, behaviour, diet, physical activity, clinical history and anthropometric characteristics by gender.
| Male | Female | P-value | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOCIODEMOGRAPHICS | ||||
| Age (years)* | 50 (45 – 55) | 50 (45 – 54) | 0.97† | 50 (45 – 55) |
| Ethnicity | < 0.001 | |||
| Mossi | 1003 (96.3) | 931 (89.9) | 1934 (93.2) | |
| Gourounsi | 16 (1.5) | 93 (9.0) | 109 (5.3) | |
| Others | 22 (2.1) | 11 (1.1) | 33 (1.6) | |
| Marital status | < 0.001 | |||
| Never married/cohabiting | 14 (1.3) | 3 (0.3) | 17 (0.8) | |
| Currently married/cohabiting | 1017 (97.9) | 791 (76.6) | 1808 (87.3) | |
| Previously married/cohabiting/partner deceased | 8 (0.8) | 238 (23.1) | 246 (11.9) | |
| Highest level of education | < 0.001 | |||
| No formal education | 755 (72.8) | 958 (93.3) | 1713 (83.0) | |
| Primary | 181 (17.5) | 57 (5.6) | 238 (11.5) | |
| Secondary | 85 (8.2) | 10 (1.0) | 95 (4.6) | |
| Tertiary | 16 (1.5) | 2 (0.2) | 18 (0.9) | |
| Employment | 0.029 | |||
| No | 16 (1.5) | 5 (0.5) | 21 (1.0) | |
| Yes | 1022 (98.5) | 1027 (99.5) | 2049 (99.0) | |
| Household density* | 1.6 (1.2 – 2.0) | 1.4 (1 – 1.8) | < 0.001† | 1.5 (1.1 – 2.0) |
| Household asset status | < 0.001 | |||
| Quintile 1 | 136 (13.1) | 205 (19.8) | 341 (16.4) | |
| Quintile 2 | 213 (20.5) | 189 (18.3) | 402 (19.4) | |
| Quintile 3 | 192 (18.4) | 213 (20.6) | 405 (19.5) | |
| Quintile 4 | 182 (17.5) | 200 (19.3) | 382 (18.4) | |
| Quintile 5 | 318 (30.5) | 228 (22.0) | 546 (26.3) | |
| BEHAVIOUR | ||||
| Smoking status | < 0.001 | |||
| Never smoked | 778 (74.7) | 1033 (99.8) | 1811 (87.2) | |
| Former smoker | 121 (11.6) | 2 (0.2) | 123 (5.9) | |
| Current smoker | 142 (13.6) | 0 (0.0) | 142 (6.8) | |
| Snuff_use | 0.73‡ | |||
| No | 1038 (99.7) | 1031 (99.6) | 2069 (99.7) | |
| Yes | 3 (0.3) | 4 (0.4) | 7 (0.3) | |
| Chewing tobacco use | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 977 (93.9) | 728 (70.3) | 1705 (82.1) | |
| Yes | 64 (6.1) | 307 (29.7) | 371 (17.9) | |
| Alcohol consumption | < 0.001 | |||
| Never consumption | 271 (26.1) | 277 (26.8) | 548 (26.5) | |
| Ever consumption | 64 (6.2) | 139 (13.5) | 203 (9.8) | |
| Current non problematic | 543 (52.4) | 519 (50.2) | 1062 (51.3) | |
| Current problematic | 159 (15.3) | 98 (9.5) | 257 (12.4) | |
| DIET | ||||
| Servings bread/day* | 0.0 (0.0 – 2.0) | 0.0 (0.0 – 1.0) | < 0.001† | 0.0 (0.0 – 2.0) |
| Fruit serving/day* | 0.0 (0.0 – 1.0) | 0.0 (0.0 – 0.0) | < 0.001† | 0.0 (0.0 – 0.0) |
| Vegetable serving/day* | 5.0 (2.0 – 7.0) | 3.0 (0.0 – 6.0) | < 0.001† | 3.0 (1.0 – 7.0) |
| Eating out/week* | 0.0 (0.0 – 2.0) | 0.0 (0.0 – 0.0) | < 0.001† | 0.0 (0.0 – 0.0) |
| Sugar sweetened beverage/week | 0.0 (0.0 – 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0 – 0.0) | < 0.001† | 0.0 (0.0 – 0.0) |
| PHYSICAL ACTIVITY | ||||
| MVPA(mins/week) | 2160 (140 – 3060) | 2940 (570 – 3600) | < 0.001† | 2520 (360 – 3360) |
| Sitting (min/day) | 430 (300 – 660) | 480 (360 – 624) | < 0.001† | 480 (331 – 659) |
| Sleep (hours/night) * | 8.0 (7.0 – 9.0) | 8.0 (7.0 – 9.0) | 0.34† | 8.0 (7.0 – 9.0) |
| CLINICAL HISTORY | ||||
| Menopause | ||||
| Pre-Menopause | NA | 534 (51.6) | NA | 534 (51.6) |
| Peri Menopause | NA | 104 (10.0) | NA | 104 (10.0) |
| Post Menopause | NA | 397 (38.4) | NA | 397 (38.4) |
| Number of pregnancies | NA | 7.0 (6.0 – 9.0) | NA | 7.0 (6.0 – 9.0) |
| Self-reported diabetes status | 0.004 | |||
| No | 1008 (97.2) | 1013 (98.3) | 2021 (97.7) | |
| Yes | 16 (1.5) | 2 (0.2) | 18 (0.9) | |
| Don’t know | 13 (1.2) | 16 (1.5) | 29 (1.4) | |
| HIV positive | < 0.001† | |||
| No | 179 (96.3) | 62 (93.9) | 241 (95.6) | |
| Yes | 5 (2.6) | 4 (6.1) | 9 (3.6) | |
| Don’t know | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.8) | |
| TB positive | 0.008‡ | |||
| No | 1020 (98.2) | 1014 (98.3) | 2034 (98.0) | |
| Yes | 19 (1.8) | 10 (1.0) | 35 (1.7) | |
| Don’t know | 0 (0.0) | 7 (0.7) | 7 (0.3) | |
| ANTRHOPOMETRICS | ||||
| Height (mm)* | 1,733 (1689 – 1782) | 1,618 (1580 – 1658) | < 0.001† | 1,673 (1,614 – 1,738) |
| Weight (kg)* | 63.9 (56.7 – 71.5) | 51.8 (46.9 – 57.8) | < 0.001† | 57.3 (50.4 – 65.9) |
| BMI (kg/m2) * | 21.1 (19.2 – 23.4) | 19.8 (18.1 – 21.6) | < 0.001† | 20.4 (18.6 – 22.6) |
| BMI categories | < 0.001 | |||
| Underweight | 181 (17.4) | 321 (31.0) | 502 (24.2) | |
| Normal weight | 713 (68.5) | 647 (62.5) | 1,360 (65.5) | |
| Overweight | 124 (11.9) | 53 (5.1) | 177 (8.5) | |
| Obese | 23 (2.2) | 14 (1.4) | 37 (1.8) | |
Values in brackets are percentage unless stated otherwise
* Median and interquartile range in brackets
† Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon’s test
‡ Fisher exact test
MVPA, moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity
HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus
TB, tuberculosis
BMI, body mass index