Fig. 1.

Increased mTORC1 activity and survival in TC T_FH cells. a–c Frequency and cell number of CD69⁺ (a), CD4⁺CD44⁺CD62L⁻ T_EM cells (b), and CD4⁺CXCXR5⁺PD1⁺Bcl6⁺Foxp3⁻ T_FH (c) in CD4⁺ T cells, with the relative distribution of T_FH and Foxp3⁺ T_FR cells in CD4⁺CXCXR5⁺PD1⁺Bcl6⁺ cells. d Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of phospho-S6 in T_N cells (CD4⁺CD44⁻), T_Act cells (CD4⁺CD44⁺), and T_FH cells (CD4⁺CD44⁺PD-1^hiPSGL-1^lo). e Representative mTOR staining (green) in the GC (plain line) and T cell zone (dashed line) relative to non-GC B cells (IgD⁺ red) and CD4⁺ T cells (purple). Arrows point to examples of mTOR staining. Scale bars: 200 μM for 10× and 10 μM for 20×. f Frequency and number of Ki-67⁺ proliferating T_N, T_Act, and T_FH cells. g Bcl2 MFI in CD4⁺CXCXR5⁺PD1⁺ T_FH and CD4⁺CXCXR5⁻PD1⁻ non-T_FH cells, with representative FACS plots on the left. h Bcl2 mRNA expression in T_FH and non-T_FH cells as determined with a Nanostring custom panel. Spleens from 9-month-old B6 and TC mice, mean + s.e.m. of N = 3–8 mice per group compared with t tests. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001