Fig. 2.

Autoreactive T_FH cells are sensitive to glycolysis inhibition. Frequency (a) and cell number (b) of T_FH cells (left, CD4⁺CXCXR5⁺PD1⁺Bcl6⁺Foxp3⁻) in CD4⁺ T cells and GC B cells (middle, B220⁺GL7⁺FAS⁺) in B cells, as well as serum anti-dsDNA IgG (right) in four strains of lupus-prone mice treated with 2DG for 8 weeks starting at 5–6 months of age, as compared to untreated age-matched controls. Contemporaneous untreated B6 mice are shown as reference. Mean + s.e.m. of N = 3–28 mice per group. c–f 3–4-month-old B6 and TC mice were treated 2DG or not for 1 month. MFI of Bcl6 in T_FH cells (c) and the ratio of T_FH (CD4⁺CXCXR5⁺PD1⁺Bcl6⁺Foxp3⁻) to T_FR (CD4⁺CXCXR5⁺PD1⁺Bcl6⁺Foxp3⁺) cells (d). Phospho-S6 (e) as well as frequency and number of Ki-67⁺ (f) cells in T_N cells (CD4⁺ CD44⁻), T_Act cells (CD4⁺CD44⁺), and T_FH cells (CD4⁺CD44⁺PD-1^hiPSGL-1^lo). Mean + s.e.m. of N = 4–9 spleens per group compared with t tests. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001