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. 2018 Oct 22;8:15587. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33875-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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TBK1/IKKε inhibitors promote β-cell replication. (A–D) Confocal images of [Tg(ins:CFP-NTR)^s892; Tg(ins:Kaede)^jh6] larvae at 48 hpa, concurrently treated with EdU and DMSO (A), BX795 (B), amlexanox (C), or PIAA (D), respectively, from 0–48 hpa. The number of β-cells that incorporated EdU (white arrows) was substantially increased in TBK1/IKKε-I-treated recovering larvae (B–D) compared to DMSO-treated larvae (A). (E) Quantification of the number (mean ± SD) of total regenerated β-cells (green) and regenerated β-cells that incorporated EdU (yellow) at 48 hpa (in A-D; 5.0 ± 1.3 total regenerated β-cells, of which 0.7 ± 0.5 (DMSO), 11.0 ± 3.4, of which 4.6 ± 1.8 (BX795), 12.8 ± 4.8, of which 5.2 ± 2.8 (amlexanox), and 20.6 ± 3.1, of which 11.0 ± 1.9 (PIAA) incorporated EdU). (F) The percentage (mean ± SD) of regenerated β-cells that incorporated EdU at 48 hpa (in A-D; 13.0 ± 11.0% (DMSO), 42.0 ± 5.0% (BX795), 39.0 ± 7.0% (amlexanox), and 55.0 ± 14.0% (PIAA)). Cells in 20 planes of confocal images from 10 individual larvae were counted per condition. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.