Table 1.
Characteristics of the population and present means, standard errors by race/ethnicity
| All | NHW | NHB | Hispanic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 7850 | n = 4247 | n = 1461 | n = 2142 | |
| Age years | ||||
| 20–39 | 35.8 (1.0) | 32.0 (1.2) | 41.2 (2.4) | 53.1 (1.9) |
| 40–59 | 39.7 (0.7) | 40.5 (0.9) | 40.2 (1.9) | 34.4 (1.4) |
| ≥ 60 | 24.5 (0.8) | 27.5 (0.9) | 18.6 (1.1) | 12.5 (1.1) |
| Sex % male | 47.4 (0.6) | 47.3 (0.8) | 43.7 (1.7) | 50.8 (1.2) |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Yes | 24.0 (1.4) | 24.2 (1.8) | 24.6 (1.9) | 22.1 (1.3) |
| Education | ||||
| HS or below | 42.5 (1.7) | 38.0 (2.5) | 49.3 (1.5) | 63.1 (2.2) |
| Beyond | 57.5 (1.7) | 62.0 (2.5) | 50.7 (1.5) | 36.9 (2.2) |
| Poverty index ratio % | ||||
| < 1.29 | 21.0 (1.2) | 15.0 (1.6) | 32.5 (2.2) | 45.6 (1.9) |
| 1.3–3.49 | 34.8 (1.2) | 33.4 (1.5) | 42.4 (1.9) | 36.5 (1.7) |
| ≥ 3.5 | 44.2 (1.6) | 51.6 (2.3) | 25.1 (2.0) | 17.9 (1.4) |
| Diabetes status | ||||
| T2D | 11.1 (0.6) | 9.9 (0.8) | 17 (1.0) | 13.2 (1.0) |
| HEI total score (mean, SE) | 53.5 (0.5) | 54.0 (0.6) | 50.0 (0.7) | 53.4 (0.5) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Not at all | 79.4 (1.0) | 79.9 (1.3) | 73.2 (1.9) | 81.7 (1.5) |
| Some days | 3.4 (0.3) | 2.6 (0.3) | 5.3 (0.8) | 5.8 (0.7) |
| Every day | 17.3 (1.0) | 17.5 (1.3) | 21.5 (1.9) | 12.5 (1.3) |
| BMI (mean, SE) | 28.9 (0.1) | 28.6 (0.2) | 31.0 (0.3) | 29.4 (0.2) |
| HbA1c (mean, SE) | 5.6 (0.0) | 5.5 (0.0) | 5.8 (0.0) | 5.6 (0.0) |
| CRP (mean, SE) | 0.39 (0.0) | 0.37 (0.0) | 0.56 (0.0) | 0.41 (0.0) |
| Time in United States | ||||
| < 5 years | 1.4 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.2) | 1.3 (0.4) | 6.6 (1.0) |
| 5–19.99 yr | 5.5 (0.7) | 1.4 (0.4) | 4.2 (0.9) | 29.5 (2.7) |
| > 20 years | 5.5 (0.6) | 2.7 (0.4) | 3.6 (1.5) | 23.1 (1.5) |
| Born in United States | 87.6 (1.3) | 95.3 (0.7) | 91.0 (2.1) | 40.8 (2.9) |
T2D type 2 diabetes, HEI Healthy Eating Index-2010, BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, HS high school, NHW non-Hispanic White, NHB non-Hispanic Black