Table 3.
Clinical predictors of outcome in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviations or n (%). *P values were derived from simple and multiple Cox regression analysis.
| Variable | No event (n = 99) | Event (n = 51) | Univariate |
Multivariate |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value* | adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value* | |||
| Sex female/male, n | 71/28 | 33/18 | 0.80 (0.54–1.42) | 0.458 | ||
| Age, years | 74.2 ± 8.6 | 74.8 ± 8.0 | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.768 | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.9 ± 5.4 | 31.3 ± 6.6 | 1.07 (1.02–1.13) | 0.004 | ||
| Fluid overload, n (%) | 25 (25.3) | 34 (66.7) | 3.64 (2.03–6.52) | < 0.001 | 3.09 (1.68–5.68) | < 0.001 |
| Six-minute walk distance, m | 352.9 ± 115.3 | 297.7 ± 112.6 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.005 | ||
| NT-pro-BNP, pg/ml | 977.1 ± 1058.8 | 1520.6 ± 1792.1 | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.002 | ||
| Impaired renal function, n (%) | 39 (39.4) | 30 (58.8) | 1.85 (1.06–3.23) | 0.031 | 1.92 (1.07–3.47) | 0.027 |
| –Comorbidities | ||||||
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 54 (63.5) | 31 (36.5) | 1.26 (0.71–2.23) | 0.422 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 23 (41.8) | 32 (58.2) | 4.43 (2.46–7.98) | < 0.001 | 3.29 (1.76–6.15) | < 0.001 |
| - Hemodynamic characteristics | ||||||
| Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, mmHg | 48.0 ± 15.9 | 61.3 ± 19.0 | 1.03 (1.01–1.04) | < 0.001 | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 0.001 |
| Diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure, mmHg | 20.3 ± 6.4 | 24.9 ± 6.8 | 1.08 (1.03–1.12) | < 0.001 | ||
| Mean pulmonary arterial pressure, mmHg | 31.4 ± 8.5 | 38.2 ± 9.6 | 1.06 (1.03–1.08) | < 0.001 | ||
| Pulmonary artery wedge pressure, mmHg | 18.4 ± 5.9 | 21.4 ± 5.6 | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | 0.002 | ||
CI = confidence interval; NT-pro-BNP = N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide.